History of Computing Essay -- Computers Technology Software Essays

History of Computing 1 General principles 12 Etymology (Where the raillery is from) 23 The exponential progress of data processor development 24 Classification of computers 24.1 Classification by intended use 24.2 Classification by implementation technology 34.3 Classification by design features 34.3.1 Digital versus analog 34.3.2 Binary versus decimal 44.3.3 Programmability 44.3.4 Storage 44.4 Classification by capability 44.4.1 General-purpose computers 44.4.2 Special-purpose computers 64.4.3 Single-purpose computers 64.5 Classification by type of action 65 Computer applications 65.1 The Internet 76 How computers work 76.1 Instructions 86.2 Memory 86.3 Processing (Processor) 86.4 Control (Control Unit) 96.5 Input and output 96.6 Architecture 96.7 Programs 96.7.1 Operatin g organisation 107 Sources 10A computer is a device or machine for making calculations or controlling operations that ar expressible in numerical or logical terms. Computers are made from components that perform simple well-defined functions. The complex interactions of these components give computers the ability to process information. If correctly configured, a computer can be made to fight some aspect of a problem or part of a system. If a computer is configured in this way is given input data, consequently it can automatically solve the problem or predict the behavior of the system.1 General principlesComputers can work through the movement of mechanical parts, negatrons, photons, quantum particles or any other well-understood physical phenomenon. Although computers have been built out of many different technologies, nearly all general types of computers have electronic components.Computers may this instant model the problem being solved, in the sense that the problem being solved is mapped as closely as possible onto the physical phenomena being exploited. For example, electron flows might be used to model the flow of water in a dam. Such analog computers were once common in the 1960s entirely are now rare. They are practically dead.In most computers today, the problem is first translated into mathematical terms by r... ...this time sharing. Newer generations of CPUs real uses HT-technologie (e.g. Intel processors). But there are also processors with more than one processing unit on it. AMD calls them dual-core processors.6.7.1 Operating systemWhen a computer is running it call for a program, whether or not there is useful work to do. In a typical desktop computer, this program is the operating system (OS). The operating system decides which programs are run, when, and what resources (such as memory or input/output - I/O) the programs will get to use.The operating system also provides a layer of stimulus generalisation over the hardware, and gives access by providing services to other programs, such as code (drivers) which allow programmers to write programs for a machine without needing to know the intimate dilate of all the attached electronic devices.Most operating systems that have hardware abstraction layers also provide a standardized user interface. The most popular OS remains the Windows family of operating systems.Most computers are very small, very inexpensive computers embedded in other machinery. These embedded systems have programs, but a great deal lack a recognizable operating system.