Walt Disney as a leader

Walt Disney as a Leader Throughout the years, in the field of entertainment there are very few people who have captured the eye of the public and made a name themselves. Walt Disney achieved this and much more, his name became a renowned brand and his success to the form of amusement parks around the world and iconic movies that continued to be passed down to be watched for generations, immortalizing his creations into the childhood of millions. Walt Disney presented himself as a leader for pioneering the world of animation into our day to day forms of entertainment.His imagination ead him to go beyond the limits of a simple cartoonist. He dreamt of a much larger picture and he knew his creativity could bring something great to this world. Through his ambitious and creative nature he created whole worlds and characters with stories for us to fall in love with. His stubborn attitude and his optimism motivated cartoonist and animators alike, to aspire great goals in their careers despi te what anyone else states against you. Walt Disney had always had big aspirations no matter how impossible it may have seemed he always worked his hardest to reach his goals.His ambition motivated him to do the unthinkable, even when his ideas failed him he kept looking at the big picture. This mode of thinking lead him to want to â€Å"be the first person to create a full length animated This was in 1933 and at the time this goal seemed outrageous, no one believed it would succeed and that he would go bankrupt like in many of his other attempts at animation. But Walt Disney ignored these thoughts and stayed true to his vision, he hired only the most skilled cartoonists and began his four year project. All the while ignoring the warnings about his imminent failure.Four years later his first full length production, â€Å"Snow white and the Seven Dwarfs† was released in 1937. It became a sensation and the success spurred on Walt Disney's imagination into creating more films s uch as â€Å"Bambi,† â€Å"Cinderella,† â€Å"101 Dalmatians,† â€Å"Alice in Wonderland,† â€Å"The Lion King,†(Warfield) and the list goes on. Walt Disney's ambition motivated him to reach his goal despite the criticism, and if he hadn't where would we be without these iconic movies? Creativity was one of Disney's many strong suits, his imagination lead to many conic creations that added a new level into the entertainment field.Walt Disney was a pioneer and innovator, â€Å"and the professor of one of the most fertile and unique imaginations the world has ever known. † (Brad) Hi creative mind set was one of the main factors that lead to his great success. Having always had an artistic interest, since he was Just a young boy he drew cartoons for his school newspaper and at times, when invited to, told stories to the class by drawing them out on the chalkboards in his classroom. His creativity grew in his studios, in the early days of is car eer it was located in his garage.He grew fond of three mice that he latter took in as pets, â€Å"he had a particular favorite who inspired the cartoon character Mickey Mouse. † (Kraws) His imagination lead him to create one of the most iconic characters in the entertainment field. Mickey Mouse forever characterized as the face for Disney's name, one ot the greatest creations he made, torever immortalizing his brand and his future accomplishments. He also had an impulsive nature about him that often times turned to stubbornness when trying to bring his next vision to reality.During his production of â€Å"Mary Poppins†, it was originally meant to be a movie with only real actors. But Disney was struck with this idea of merging animation along with the real people, and idea every involved in the production, including the actors found absurd. Many objected the idea claiming it to be â€Å"too high of risk. â€Å"(lMDb) This time Walt Disney was not ignoring the words o f Just critics but his own co-workers and partners. He went ahead and added the animation to film despite the words of his team. The film was released in 1964 generating yet another wave of success in the Walt Disney Studios.Walt Disney's impulsive and stubborn nature could be viewed as one of his flaws but it often was that impulse to pursue the goals set by his imagination that fueled his stubborn nature to reach his goal despite of anyone's advice. And that impulse usually lead to great creations that ended in success. Though optimism is not something that comes naturally to most people, Disney had an incredible way of seeing the â€Å"light at the end of the tunnel† even in his darkest situations. Such as his early attempted projects like â€Å"The Alice Comedies† which ended when he â€Å"and his company Laugh-O-Grams went bankrupt. Brad) Even having to face his past failure Disney still aimed to achieve greatness and he never let the negative parts of his life c loud these ideals. His views on life was always bright and challenges never seemed to faze him. Other parts of Disney's life were not as easy to get over, â€Å"probably the most painful time of Walt's private life, was the accidental death of his mother in 1938. † Once â€Å"Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs† was released Walt and his brother Roy Disney, bought a home for their parents closer to their studio, but unfortunately less than a month later Disney's mother died ofAsphyxiation due to a faulty furnace. (Brad) The accident haunted Disney for years but he continued on with his animations despite his grief and still believed life would get better. His optimistic attitude during the darkest of times motivated thousand of cartoonists and animators to persevere and make them believe in Disney could do it so could they. Throughout the challenged Walt Disney had faced, his ambition led him to achieve impossible goals, his creativity allowed him to imagine captivating st ories, his stubbornness stuck him to his ideals and his optimism go him through the greatest challenges.A true inspiration for aspiring cartoonist, animators and entertainers alike that greatness can be achieved with perseverance and motivation. He taught the world that creativity should be embraced and that imagination is a gift that can lead the world to achieve seemingly impossible goals. Few men have made such a mark on the world, and most not as memorable as Walt Disney. In his words, â€Å"we keep moving forward, opening new doors, and doing new things, because we're curious and curiosity keeps leading us down new paths. † (Rosenbaum) Walt Disney, a true leader and pioneer to the creative imagination.

Quality Improvement Part 1 Essay

Examine three external indicators and how customers use the indicators as part of the Quality Improvement process; finally explain how stakeholder’s feedback is used in the quality Improvement process. Performance Measurement vs. Quality Improvement process â€Å"The primary concern of managers responsible for the operations of hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare delivery organizations is the quality of the non-clinical aspects of care over which they have most control, most visibility†. (Ransom Joshi Nash, 2008. P. 31). Performance measures are an important element of quality management process. Performance measures has the responsibility to directing their effort when change need to be institute. In the healthcare organization performance measures are a tool used to help managers understand and improve quality of care for patients and to develop a better functional programs for the staff. In contrast, Quality Improvement focuses on bridging the gap between current levels of quality. It is a way to be proactive in preventing errors or perhaps respond to near misses and develop a plan where safety is major components to process improvements. In case of medical errors, quality improvement help identify and see what changes can be made to improve or have preventive measures. Quality Improvement and quality Measures assist owners and managers with improving performances and raising performance standards. Norman Clinic Quality Improvement goals Norman Clinic of Physical Therapy is one of the largest hospitals in the state of Ohio. This clinic is about fifty (50) miles from downtown is dedicated to five key of quality measures. Emergency Services, Physical Therapy, Heart Failure, Surgical, pneumonia. This hospital offers a standard service and has earned its reputation in the management of individuals with disturbed functions or impairment related to neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, and integumentary systems. Norman Clinic has specific service in quality improvement process such as reducing the occurrence of ventilation of patients in the ICU and NICU. Role of the Consumer Healthcare consumers play an important role in the quality improvement of Norman Clinic and can impact hospital’s reputation, and feedback received from consumers. During admission, each patient receives a booklet who allows him to understand the mission, the goal, and different realization of the clinic in intensive care. This booklet outlining way patients may become active member of the clinic, include the methods used by healthcare providers to meet patient expectation, reduce risk of infection, improve quality of care, decrease medication errors, increase customers satisfaction as it relates to pain management and post discharge care. External Quality Indicators

Case study on tata nano

Sunsilk was introduced in 1989 in Pakistan with three variants related to hair types. Endorsement of a hair stylist was the first step in building the image of the brand as a hair care expert. With the competition from local and multinational companies due to rationalization of excise duties, Sunsilk has not been able to gain the desired share in the market. To strengthen the brand, LBPL decided to re-launch Sunsilk with a premium range consisting of four variants in January 2000. In 2001, due to the constant research of their affiliated hair care institutes, the need of a shampoo for oily hair was observed and they launched a new variant of Sunsilk having citrus extracts. 1. 2 Background: LBPL, the largest consumer goods producing company in Pakistan, was incorporated here in 1948 and started building their factory at Rahim Yar Khan. This factory was inaugurated formally in 1951 by the then Governor General of Pakistan. LBPL moved into the personal care product business in 1981. It has gained a major market share due to the introduction of quality brands likeSunsilk, Lifebuoy, Lux and Fair Lovely. Lever Brothers was the recipient of Management Association of Pakistan (MAP) and Karachi Stock Exchange awards in recognition of its performance. For the purpose of MAP award, it was judged the best among the companies that have performed well in the areas of Financial Discipline, Management practices such as Risk Management, Corporate Governance, Social Responsibility and Research Development. Lever Brothers is committed to investment and modern production facilities thereby contributing to economic growth and employment opportunities. 1. 3 Statement of Problem: Their main target market is females between the ages group 16-40 belonging to the two upper income classes. But in their promotional activities, they cover the whole market irrespective of these classes. Competitors’ Review: The major competitor of Sunsilk in the rural areas is Bio Amla while in the urban areas, Sunsilk faces cutthroat competition with PG. The main advantage of Bio Amla is its Herbal composition and low price, which attract the rural market, but in terms of quality, they are far behind Sunsilk. In urban areas, Sunsilk is acting as a market challenger against PG. Sunsilk has got the advantage of keeping their prices lower than PG shampoos but PG has captured a bigger share of the market due to its intense promotional activities. 1. 4 Objectives of the study: 1. To carry out the review of literature on brand, brand awareness and consumer behavior. 2. To study the socio economic characteristics of women consumers in Bangalore. 3. To identify the factors influencing brand awareness of Sunsilk shampoo. 4. To identify and interpret the factors involved in quality and benefits offered in the shampoo product. 5. To know the impact of brand awareness in sales improvement of the shampoo product. 1. 5 Research Methodology: Literature survey has been carried out using research journals, books and websites. Socio economic stratum of women consumers have been identified using socio economic classification grid during personal interview at individual households. Factors influencing brand awareness of shampoo products have been analyzed with the data collected from questionnaire. Comparative study has been carried out based on advertisement awareness with the competitor. Pareto analyses have been used to identify the major quality problems in the shampoo product. 1. 6 Company Objectives: Neither our own nor our major competitors’ objectives are simple or obvious. There are many choices between short term and long-term profit, between growth and cash flow, between growth in assets and growth in earnings, between proportions of earnings paid to share holders as dividends or reinvested. It is reasonable to assume that these different objectives of different competitors predetermine some of their strategies and tactical behavior. Assess the concept of product acceptability, credibility and perceived benefits. Examine consumer’s assessment of the product, in terms of product performance and related benefits. Explore consumers’ reaction towards packaging. Understand consumers’ perception of quality advertisement in terms of its impact. 2. Chapter II 2. 1 Mission Statement: The New Sunsilk Shampoo aims at fulfilling the needs of its target market by offering a high quality, assessment of the concept in terms of its acceptability, credibility and perceived benefits, that it offers a healthy choice shampoo alternative to the targeted consumer. The theme of the product shall be anchored around the motto: â€Å"Softness, shine and manageability of Hair† Figure 1 2. 2 Packaging: The packaging design for the New Sunsilk range is extremely exciting and has been developed by Brown Inc. UK. The packaging makes the brand look expert and modern. This packaging makes the brand look more contemporary and hi-tech. It ensures more emphasis on the variants that have already been a part of the product but never been communicated to the customer that well. This new packaging has clearly identified that there is a separate product for each hair type. Currently, the range consists of: Yellow Sunsilk with Bio Proteins from Vegetable Extracts: Normal hair needs wholesome nourishment. New Sunsilk with Bio Protein extracted from Vegetable milk has nutrients that deeply penetrate each hair strand, to nourish it leaving hair strong and beautiful. Black Sunsilk with Melanin from Plant Extracts: Dull hair needs a rich black shine. New sunsilk with Melanin extracted from plants serves this purpose very effectively. It helps in the growth and retention of the black color of hair, giving it a rich black shine. . Green Sunsilk with Fruitamins Vitamins from fruit Extracts: Thin and limp hair needs extra body and volume. New sunsilk with Fruitamins has natural extracts from fruit that contains Vitamins. These vitamins help in giving extra body, shine and amazing manageability to the thinning and lifeless hair. Pink Sunsilk with essential Oils from Flower Extracts: Dry hair needs wholesome conditioning, extra shine and styleability. New Sunsilk with essential oils makes the dry hair full of life. Its especial ingredients moisturize each hair right to its tips leaving it shiny and beautiful. Orange Sunsilk with active nutrients from Citrus Extracts: The advanced formula of orange Sunsilk is the result of the latest research. This shampoo is especially designed for oily hair type that looks flat and greasy due to the excess of moisture. New sunsilk with active ingredients from citrus extracts cleans the excess oil off hair while its nutrients deeply penetrate each hair strand to nourish it. Customer Review of Product Usage Figure 2 2. 3 Pricing Objectives: Lever claims to practice value-based pricing in which the customers’ perception of the product’s price provides a starting point for developing the marketing mix of the product. The research department determines this price usually by using focus groups. The price of RS 3 for Sunsilk shampoo sachets shows how the price also reflects a concern to make the purchase more convenient, since the rupee is dominated in this value. The primary importance of this value-based pricing is that the product demand will be much higher if its price is in line with the customer’s perception of its value. One crucial concern for value-based pricing is strict management of cost in order to be able to make a profit at the value-based price. After the initial price is determined, Lever then uses target costing in order to achieve the required profits. With the marketing plan now being termed as ‘Annual Contract’ the importance of meeting the profit margin requirements has increased. Target costing thus provides an essential tool to manage cost effectively. The characteristic of monopolistic competition typifying the market sets the threshold for pricing. This market consists of many buyers and sellers trading over a range of prices. The key element is differentiation, which allows the seller to gain market share in contrast to competitors. Given this market condition, Lever differentiates its products and also sells them in different price ranges to cover at least a large portion of the market. Also this makes Lever more sensitive to price changes of competitors’ products. Last year PG revised their prices which has increased the prices of their shampoos considerably but Sunsilk has maintained its prices and their prices are much lower than PGs’, which is a major blow to PG because being a poor country people go for products which are within the range of Rs. 100. Figure 3 2. 4 Promotion objectives: Build top of the line consumers’ awareness. Creating a personality of the brand. Besides having these general objectives, the advertising objectives are set avoiding to the advertising strategy for each product, e. g. Sunsilk advertising objectives since it was being re-launched were: To increase the usage. Conditioning benefits. Makes the hair appear clean and shiny. Imparts a feeling of freshness-due to fragrance. Easy to manage, silky, soft hair. Unique shampoo for every hair type. Effectively communicate brand promise. 2. 5 Advertisement objectives: The advertisement of a product should follow the smile approach that is: S Simple M Memorable I Interesting with relevant information L Linked to the brand E Emotionally involved and liked. The advertisement should be in line with the past ad (if any). The ad should have a good advertising idea. Advertising should meet the brief Message clearly communicated Advertising should fit the brands personality An add is usually changed after 18 months TARP(Target Audience Rating Points) 2. 6 Advertising strategy: A product’s particular advertising strategy also depends on the level of competition involved with each product. For example shampoo ads previously used to provide emotional benefits but when PG entered the shampoo market with it’s shampoo Pantene, it revamped the whole situation, Pantene ads promoted the shampoo’s functional benefits, which greatly appealed the consumers. Levers seeing this trend changed its advertising strategy for Sunsilk so that Sunsilk advertisements also promoted the shampoo’s functional benefits. Thus Lever evaluates the product’s present position in the market, the promotion objectives it wants to achieve and the level of competition involved while setting the advertising strategy for a product. Elida Hair Institute does a lot of research and they come up with innovation in the product. Elida provides credibility that Sunsilk is not locally made but it is based on a lot of research by internationally accredited institutions. Lever believes that messages about product delivered by credible sources can be very persuasive. Hence Nabila who is an hair care expert endorses Sunsilk and more value is added to the brand. Consumers relate to products itself, they can relate to a human being who consumers believe is an expert so if Nabila is an expert so is Sunsilk. Nabila a recognised and highly qualified hair stylist is used by Sunsilk in its ads because they want to bring out an expert’s image. Sunsilk has come up with a new promotional campaign GOOD HAIR DAYS in six major cities in collaboration with famous hair stylists of the country. 2. 7 Advertising Evaluation: Lever also carriers out on extensive evaluation process. Target audience rating points are used to evaluate a product. Households are monitored in various cites to get consumers response and feedback. R-Lintas carriers out in own evaluation proceeds for its advertisement. Weekly figures are presented by research department. Regarding sales which have been carried out by extensive surveys. Products manager themselves have to visit the Consumers’ View of Sunsilk Advertisements Figure 4 2. 8 Distribution Objective: â€Å"To reach as many towns and villages as we can† Lever has 150 distributors whose function is to sell to wholesalers directly. There are different distributors for different areas. They are carefully selected and their performance is constantly evaluated. They appear extremely satisfied with their channel systems and have a good rapport with them. We feel that this is essential since these are not too many levels, thereby preventing channel complexity and allowing Lever greater control. Lever’s statements were verified by our consumer survey, which revealed that the retailers were very satisfied with Lever’s distribution system, which allowed well-stocked shelves. This is an added advantage, since the consumers undergo habitual buying behavior. Sunsilk has a very good distribution network all over the country. They have struggled hard to adopt such channels that guarantee the perfect results regarding the placement of their product. These distributors are given clear instructions regarding the selection of the retailer and to make sure that the retailer; Knows about the significant characteristics of the product. Places the product along with its major competitors like PG. Displays the sachets distinctly. They give off and on offers as trade promotion incentives to their distributors. The distributors contribute to the promotion of Sunsilk by word of mouth. 2. 8. 1 Strengths Lever Brothers Pakistan Limited is one of the largest organizations in Pakistan. Company has advanced technology and well skilled professionals. The New Sunsilk Shampoo is a high quality product in terms of hair protection. The target market is educated, professionals and belongs to premium and middle class. Company totally owned, systematic distribution network, transparent communication system. Participative management style Very good distribution network all over Pakistan, in all major and small cities. 2. 8. 2 Weaknesses: Competitor has strong promotional activities. Imported brands also available in the market. Customers are offered better alternatives by the competition. 2. 8. 3 Opportunities: Population expanding at a rapid rate. Consumers are becoming more quality conscious Current capacity utilization is 80%, which can be further broadened with the increase in demand. Customer base is increasing with effective marketing. Baby shampoo is another area where Lever Brothers can make huge gains. Shampoo plus conditioner and anti-dandruff shampoos are another area where lever brothers can earn huge profits. Rural areas are a large prospective market where they can introduce Sunsilk. 2. 8. 4 Threats: Political and Economic factors. Partial Government policies. High rate of competition. Local and Foreign competition. Smuggling via Afghan Trade Transit is one of the big hurdles faced by Sunsilk. Supplies from Indonesia and Thailand is another important issue. 3. Chapter III 3. 1 Summary: This marketing plan forms the basis of the introduction of an innovative and unique productby Sunsilk. The analysis allows us to the best strategies to help our product be successfulwith the internal and external environments which we have analyzed at our bestunderstanding. Sunsilk Hair Colour Shampoo will be marketed as a unique and convenientproduct for consumers who need and want to colour their hair. And we would like tomaintain the company’s status as the 2nd brand leader in hair care industry in Pakistan. Themarketing strategies will enable us to reach the target sale ofRs 50 million by end of first year and also bring awareness to the consumers in the sixmonths about the new product, and reach at least 80% consumers in Pakistan. The hair colourindustry is currently in the growth stage and the number of people who wish to colour theirhair is growing day by day. Customer have been introduced by hair colouring products andthere is a existing industry for colour in Pakistan, but Sunsilk Hair colour Shampoo is a newinnovative product which is convenient for consumers to use and also less harmful then otherproducts available. IntroductionThis plan has been prepared as an assignment for Marketing Strategies and Operations classat London Business School of Finance. The plan will provide background information aboutthe current environment in which Hair colour products are operating in Pakistan. It will alsodiscuss the present state of hair colour products in general, which will include information onthe company and its interest in extending product range in Pakistan, and give a broader ideaof how the brand will be introduced and marketed in the current environment. Company BackgroundSunsilk is a product of United Kingdom, which was launched in 1954. Sunsilk wasintroduced by Unilever (LBPL), who are the largest consumer goods producing company inPakistan, especially in personal care products. Unilever was found in 1930 by AntoniusJohannes Jurgens and William Hulme Lever. It was incorporated here in 1948 at Rahim YarKhan. Sunsilk was introduced in 1989 in Pakistan with three different types of shampoos fordifferent hair texture. Getting Support from hair stylist was the first step in constructing theimage of the brand as a hair care expert. In beginning of introduction of Sunsilk brand, it wasbeing raided by other competitors, in which, sunsilk was not able to gain the desired share inthe market 3. 2 CONCLUSION The survey helped in understanding the consumer perception on brand awareness and position of product in the market. It was observed that consumer’s expectations were, Quality, benefits offered and packaging of shampoo product. Based on the results obtained, integrated marketing communication was suggested, as a result an improvement of 8% to 12. 6% was observed in target population. Lagging quality Attributes have been identified for the improvement of sales by 45. 39%. Suggestions towards improving brand awareness through quality attributes have been made. 3. 3 Recommendations: Lever, Pakistan realizes the huge potential of the rural markets, i. e. 72% of the total population, but has not yet developed a successful strategy to penetrate this market. The success of Levers Hindustan should be emulated, which has successfully captured the rural market by two key strategies; firstly, by developing a strong distribution infrastructure and secondly, by adapting the packaging and pricing to this market. Lever should increase the buying of raw materials from local markets so that it does not have to suffer excessively from devaluation and continuous increase in tariff rates. This would also negate the adverse affect on sales volume due to smuggled foreign product. Lever should introduce a smaller (100 ml) pack of Sunsilk shampoo in order to capture the lower income segment. Lever should enter into WEB Marketing. The Legacy Soccer Foundation sponsored mainly by Levers, should be emulated by Levers Pakistan in the area of cricket since it is the most popular sport in Pakistan. Levers could also provide consumers with a hot line number where they can call in to complain or to ask specific questions about Lever’s products. These hot line numbers can also advise consumers about their hair type and other hair related queries. Such a strategy would highlight Levers concern for the public as well as helping it to gain market share. They should increase the frequency of their advertisements on electronic and print media. They should introduce 2 in 1 composition, i. e. shampoo plus conditioner which is the demand of a huge potential market.

Accounting for Strategy and Management Control Essay

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Policy Analysis I Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Create an alternative ending for Hunger Game Essay

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The Debate Over Corporate Social Responsibility Research Paper

The Debate Over Corporate Social Responsibility - Research Paper Example Also, Apple has never taken part in any of the accountability companies that exist. Recently, Eco ratings were conducted all the mobile producing companies participated in the competition except for Apple, they were invited till the last moment but they were very nonresponsive in this respect and never bothered to respond. The Eco ratings are related to the material that the cell phones are using, whether it is a good one and is it environmentally friendly. The social responsibility also involves the rights of the workers, there have been a lot of issues with regards to the work conditions that their workers are being provided and all Apple has done are to cover it up and sweep it under the rug rather than working to improve the conditions (Hunnicutt 2009). To an extent in my opinion that Apple doesn’t because there was recently a video related to the Fox Conn went viral in which it showed young people working in fitting the screens of I phones, and iPods and earning very little, even the conditions provided to them for working is very poor. They are paying a low wage to the workers, the wage is lower than the nominal wage and therefore the employees are living in very dire situations there are many employees who are working day and night just to achieve their required some. The money is so less that it hardly pays for their basic expenses. There have been many cases of the workers trying to commit suicide and many were even successful in committing it. Â  

Applied Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Applied Research - Essay Example This binomial division is based on the desired or eventual use of research findings. Whereas pure research aims at merely expanding theoretical knowledge, applied research appraises applicability of resultant knowledge in addressing real world problems. Therefore, pure research stems basically from inherent desire to expand knowledge. On the other hand, applied research strives towards solving world’s problems rather than only understanding the same problems. In succeeding sections of this paper, a detailed evaluation of applied research will be conducted, specifically in terms of steps involves in conducting an applied research process. As explained within the introduction, applied research tends to align itself closely with practical applicability as opposed to pure expansion of knowledge. Technically, proponents of pure research are interested in establishing relationship between variables, as in understanding cause and effect traits. However, applied research tries to find solutions to specific questions and problems. Based on this distinction, it is undeniable that each type of research possesses correspondingly distinct procedural steps. According to Bickman and Debra (2013), applied research process may incorporate all or some of the procedures involved in pure research. However, steps involved in carrying out applied research are more aligned to answering perceived questions rather than unearthing random knowledge of phenomena. The basic steps of applied research are; problem definition, research design, implementation and reporting stage. First, defining and understanding an underlying research problem is influential in developing directionality of the entire process. Proper definition of a research problem not only captures the present interest and perceived urgency of the process but also ensures absolute absence of ambiguity. In the context of applied research, problem identification involves working with relevant

Mauritius - The Scope of Ict Essay Example for Free

Mauritius The Scope of Ict Essay 1. INTRODUCTION Mauritius is a small beautiful island in the Indian Ocean, which locates 800 kilometers east of Madagascar and some 2000 kilometers off the southeast African coast. Mauritius had been served as a colony of Dutch, French and British for long. The Dutch rule started in the late sixteenth century. They named the island Mauritius after prince Maurice Van Nassau, Governor of Holland and introduced sugar cane and domestic animals in the country. The Dutch abandoned the island in 1710, and France took possession. Renamed Isle de France, Mauritius was a strategically important location in the colonial drive for dominance and used as a base for the French to attack British ships. The British captured the island in 1810 and gave it back its name Mauritius. After slavery was abolished under the British rule in 1835, Indian immigrants began arriving to work in the sugar cane fields. A small group of Chinese traders followed later. Mauritius obtained independence on 12 March 1968 and became a republic in 1992. The Republic of Mauritius consists of four islands namely Mauritius (the largest at 1’865 square kilometers), Rodrigues (104 square kilometers), the Agalega Islands (70 square kilometers), and the Cargados Carajos Shoals (1.3 square kilometers). The country is divided into municipalities and villages. It has five municipal councils in the urban areas and 126 village councils in the rural areas. The economy of Mauritius was mainly dependent on sugar and textiles. Sugarcane is grown on about 90% of the cultivated land area and accounts for 25% of export earnings. In the last few decades, Mauritius had undergone through massive developments in both its economical and social arena. From a monocrop economy, depending mainly on sugar, it diversified its economic activities into, textile and apparel industry, tourism and financial services during this period. But the island-nations new vision is to become a regional IT or dotcom hub and kick start its flagging economy, hit hard by fierce international competition and the removal of preferential access to European markets for sugar and textiles. The government has identified the potential and scope of their country in the IT outsourcing business and has set frontline priority for this sector in the economy of the nation. 2. Environmental appraisal analysis and evaluation of IT Outsourcing for Mauritius. Mauritius as a new entrant in the IT outsourcing industry, has to ensure that its micro and macro-environments are supporting to its optimum for the development of industry in the country. The PLEEST and SWOT analysis will help to understand the country’s potential to become an active player in the world IT outsourcing industry by 2010. 2.1 PLEEST analysis This analysis takes into consideration the political, economical, legal, socio-cultural, technological and environmental factors that affect the operation of the industry in the country. To create a better market for the IT out sourcing activities, these factors should be supportive to the industry and encouraging for future developments. Political: Mauritius is a republic where elections are held on a democratic style. The present MLP (Mauritian Labour Party) government led by Prime Minister Navin Chandra Ramgoolam has strong majority in the parliament. The Ramgoolam government is taking keen attention in continuing the efforts of their predecessors to make their country an outsourcing hub. The previous government has initiated strong commitment to develop the ICT industry. Three Ministerial task forces have been set up to look into the establishment of a Cyber City, the implementation of the e-Education and the e-Government projects. The government had already secured a line of credit of US$100 million from the Government of India for the implementation of these projects. Setting up of Ebene Cyber City fits in with this strong Government commitment. Economical: Mauritius has a strong economy with no foreign direct investment (FDI) control; double taxation avoidance and treaties with many other countries. Mauritius enjoys the status of a developed country in many aspects of development, which will encourage the growth of ICT industry. The Mauritian economy is dominated by five or six families, most of whose business have major operations in the IT sector. And the importance of computer in the day-to-day business operations has increased spontaneously. A 2001 survey by the National Computer Board (NCB) showed that over 80% of businesses posses at least one computer. Socio-cultural: The use of computer and Internet among the Mauritian society is steadily increasing. According to the results of a survey by NCB both home computer ownership and Internet connection of Mauritian households having telephone connectivity increased to attain 29.4% and 23.8% respectively. Today around 80% of population have telephone connection. But only 13% have own PC. All primary and secondary schools have computers. Several hundred teachers have taken computer training, which they are now applying in the classroom. There are plans to use ICT as a pedagogical tool across the curriculum from 2006, by when all teachers will have received necessary ICT training. But computerization in the tertiary level of education is less than adequate. Mauritius has a vast pool of English and French speaking population. Technological: Mauritius has very good telecom infrastructure especially with the SAFE project that places the country on the super highway. It has widespread access to both landline and mobile telephony. Preferential and highly competitive rates are proposed: the tariff for a 512 Kbps downstream / 128 Kbps upstream ADSL link is only Rs.5,500 per month. Furthermore, good redundancy is assured through both cable and satellite. Legal: The Data Protection Act was introduced in June 2004.Its main objective is to protect the individual’s rights to privacy while ensuring that personal information is lawfully and fairly obtained, processed, protected and disclosed. It also provides a framework to govern the use of customer data, hence preventing any misuse. It will give greater confidence to investors and foreign companies to invest in Mauritius. Mauritius is a signatory of the WIPO convention and it has introduced The Computer Misuse and Cyber crime Act recently. Previous laws enacted in this field were: Information and Communication Technologies Act 2001 (December 2001), Electronic Transactions Act (July 2000) and Copyright Act (September 1997). Environmental: Mauritius has a modern banking system, courier services, major brands representation and easy acquisition of equipment. Regular air and sea transport facilities are available to and from major destinations. An Incubator Centre is already operational for start-ups to encourage entrepreneurship. The NCB Incubator Centre provides facilities such as furnished office space, telecommunication facilities, etc to start-ups in the ICT sector. The country provides high quality of infrastructure with relatively lower cost than many of its competitors. 2.2 SWOT analysis Strengths: Mauritius locates in a strategic place with a unique time zone (GMT +4), so that they can work with Americas, Europe, Asia and Africa conveniently on a single day. A Bi-lingual population that speaks English and French is an advantage in doing business with countries that speaks the same language. As far as the political willingness and infrastructure is concerned Mauritius has a well defined national vision and strategy to develop the ICT industry and enhance a high quality infrastructure with relatively low cost of operation. The other features of Mauritius in favour of IT outsourcing are: †¢IT penetration †¢Special incentive packages †¢Business-friendly environment †¢Telecommunication †¢Availability of modern office space †¢Labour–related issues †¢Quality of labour †¢Low labour turnover †¢Training †¢Appropriate legal framework †¢Strong support services †¢Incubator Centre †¢Close relationship with India Weaknesses: Low scalability is the major weakness of the country. As a small Island with only1.2 million populations it lags far behind of the industry giants like India, China and Philippines in the number of skilled manpower. Training in this regard is also poor. Poor marketing skill and absence of adequate recruitment agencies are another area of weakness. Without getting proper career guidance the right candidates are seeking other shelters than IT. High cost of financing and telecommunication create hindrance for new ventures to come and existing one to survive. Labour related issues are another problem to be rectified. Opportunities: Connection to the South Africa-Far East (SAFE) fibre optic submarine cable, which connects 40 countries, provides Mauritius a great opportunity to link with the global digital economy. Having a population with expertise in English and French, they have opportunity in the UK and France. Low labour turnover in Mauritius is another attraction. Decision of leading global financial institutions to outsource their activities gives abundant opportunity to Mauritius. As Mauritius follows the same accounting standards as UK, it can benefit from this opportunity by outsourcing financial activities to this country. Proper training to its accountants should be given in French accounting standards also to target French market. Many outsourcer countries, when they seek offshore outsourcing, rely on quality rather than cost. This will be an opportunity for Mauritius. Threats: There are severe threats to Mauritius from new potential competitors like Czech Republic and Hungary for both English and French segment. Legislations against offshore outsourcing causes another threat to its goal of becoming a frontline outsourcing destination. 2.3. The world Out Sourcing market The worldwide IT Outsourcing market is rapidly growing, which is estimated to grow around $400bn in 2010. The US remains the leader in the outsourcers list with around 60% of the world market while India stood first in the recipients list. But the picture is changing rapidly. The outsourcing countries are increasing both in terms of number and revenue stream. Europe has now been turned as a potential outsourcer. Studies shows that outsourcing spending of Europe is growing faster than the US. In which UK register a dramatic rise in growth with a amazing 45% growth in 2002 and the trend is continuing. Another trend in the market is that the increasing number of countries which strives to become potential outsourcing destinations and achieving success in this field. For instance Maghreb countries like Morocco, Tunisia and Algeria are emerging as strong outsourcing destinations and Czech Republic and Hungary proved potential from Europe. 2.4 Market segmentation: French and English speaking countries As a nation which strives to become an IT outsourcing destination for other countries, Mauritius should adopt macro- segmentation i.e. segment their markets on the basis of geographical location, industry and organisational size. Being a bilingual society that can speak both English and French and with close cultural tie up with these two societies, Mauritius should concentrate on French speaking countries as well as countries which use English. In the case of Mauritius, it is difficult for them to concentrate on large organisation as they are a novice in the field of outsourcing and has been treated as less experienced and expertise in relation to the outsourcing giants like India, Philippines and China etc. Another common macro-segmentation variable is industry sector. Different industries may have unique requirements from products. In the context of IT outsourcing, Mauritius can provide outsourcing service to various industries like banking, manufacturing, healthcare, education an d so on. By understanding each industries needs in depth, a more effective marketing mix can be designed. In the case of IT outsourcing, it is very common that countries adopt geographical segmentation because the geographical location of the outsourcer country vis-à  -vis that of the outsourcing country plays a vital role in getting order. For example, India has a unique geographical location with US. Both these countries locate in the opposites on the globe. By outsourcing business to India, the US companies can do business 24 hours without any interruption. Mauritius has got a convenient geographical location with a favourable time zone (+4 GMT), which helps them to provide service to Europe, Asia and Americas. As the US and Europe contributes the lions share of outsourcing activities, there is harsh competition prevails between the major outsourcing recipient countries. Most of the American MNC giants prefer outsourcing their activities in India because of its high skilled and low cost characteristics and unique time gap it has with India. The trend in the US is that, majority of their outsourcers prefer leaders like India, China, Philippines, Russia and Malayasia. So, it will be difficult for Mauritius to succeed in this market. 3. Target Markets A target market consists of a set of buyers who share common needs or characteristics that the company decides to serve Kotler,P. et. al (1996).Having man power strength that is expertise in both English and French, Mauritius can set France and UK as their target markets. The details of each target markets are given below: Most of the existing outsourcing companies in Mauritius have as origin France and UK. In 2003, out of 20 outsourcing companies in Mauritius, 3 were UK based company and 7 were French. There were another 5 companies with capital of Mauritius and France/ UK. Mauritius has then already a good relationship with these two countries. Mauritius has got a strategic advantage over their competitors in terms of linguistic skill when working with these two countries. As Mauritius had been a colony of both Britain and France for long, they have inherited from these countries many aspects of their culture including language. A bi-lingual population who can speak both English and French is an asset if they work with these countries. Mauritius’s unique time zone with these two countries, the existing good relationship with those industries and the growing outsourcing market in UK and France are extending huge opportunity to Mauritius to operate in those markets. 3.1 UK 3.1.1 Profile UK is a rapidly growing market of IT outsourcing. Studies have proved that the number of companies in UK that outsourcing its operations are increasing. Both the private and public sector industries in the country are now giving preference to outsource their activities to offshore. It is the UK which stood second after the US in the worlds largest outsourcers list and this trend will continue because of the more liberal employment and labour laws (McKinsey, 2004).As a result of which competition is becoming aggressive in the UK market. A study conducted by kable Market Intelligence Services reveals that the IT and business processing outsourcing market is to grow by a staggering 78% by 2007 with annual spend reaching  £6bn. According to this study report, It is the public sector like local government, criminal justice and education, which will grow faster during this period. There is a rapidly increasing trend among the businesses in the UK for outsourcing their activities offshore. The management of many companies believe outsourcing their business will add their corporate value. The report conducted by the Centre for Economic and Business Research shows that companies that outsource business will outperform their peers and could create additional shareholder value. As a result, new and new companies join the group of outsourcers each day. One economic forecast shows that outsourcing has the potential to be worth $648 billion by 2010up 52 per cent on 2004.It shows that UK will be one of the biggest outsourcer countries in the next decade also. 3.1.2Financial and Public sector services Recent Studies show that there would be an amazing hike in the outsourcing activities of UK’s public sector and financial service industry in the coming years. According to them these two industries are planning invest millions of pounds for outsourcing activities by 2010. Financial service sector: Financial services sector is the second largest outsourcer in the UK after the manufacturing industry. With the expansion of globalisation and aggressive competition followed by it, the leading banking and investment companies plans to outsource their primary activities in order to reduce cost and concentrate on their core activities (Logica CMG report, 2004). Most of the companies think outsourcing is an essential tool of their success and without it they may ultimately loose in the industry. Mauritius has a good pool of skilled chartered accountants, who have experience and expertise in UK accounting standards. India’s patronage to Mauritius is an advantage to them to enter in to this segment. Mauritius should use its connection with India for getting training to its workforce and get entry to the UK market. Public sector services: A study conducted by Kable, an organisation that provides technology research and analysis on the UK government and public services sector, suggests that almost one fifth of public sector services ( £60bn) could be delivered through outsourcing to private and voluntary bodies. Principle sectors targeted for this treatment appear to be the health and education sectors, which are subject to frequent reforms with very uncertain success to date. Here, quality is more concerned than cost Mauritius can make use of this situation by extending highly accurate and good quality service at an industry competent price. 3.1.3 PESTLE analysis of UK Political: Government and political parties have high concern for liberalisation process. They encourage the outsourcing activities because they believe it will bring prosperity to their nation. Economical: The economy of UK is the most liberalised on in Europe. High competition existing in the market demands more and more ways of cost reduction from the part of businesses. As a result, outsourcing jobs to other countries continues its growth. Social: British society is highly concerned about profit and better performance. They are not much worried about job security and protection. This gives confidence to companies to go ahead with outsourcing activities. Technological: Almost 100% of businesses in the UK use computers and Internet. They are very fond of new technologies. As a result more and more companies come to the list of outsourcers. Legal: UK enjoys a liberal employment and labour laws, which in turn result in the high performance of businesses. They have more freedom to choose their strategy of operation and so, companies are exempted from legal barriers to offshore business. 3.1.4 Competitor analysis Potential new entrants: Threat from new entrants will be very high in the UK market, because unlike France UK deals with industry giants like India, china, Philippines and other European countries. It is not very tough for a potential new entrant to enter into British market, as the language skill is not a barrier for these countries. But surviving in the market is very tough because of the presence of India and China; they can provide high quality of services with amazingly low cost. Bargaining power of buyer: UK has high bargaining power over Mauritius because they have so many suppliers to provide excellent services with low cost. But in the case of Mauritius they have not many suppliers, so that they will force to take stringent measures to improve the quality of service in each time. Industry competitors: Competition in the UK industry is tough with the presence of almost all the leading out sourcing countries in the world. Still the opportunity there is increasing for potential new countries as a result of increased liberalisation and competition followed by it. Out sourcing recipients are competing in reducing cost While maintaining the high quality of their service. But studies in this regard reveals that they can’t go beyond a certain level because the bargaining power of their suppliers (Skilled labour) increasing. Competitive differentiation: Mauritius can use their high skilled accountants to give services to financial sector companies in the UK. As the country uses the UK accounting standard, it will be an advantage to them. Studies have proved that the global financial giants are going to offshore their activities by 2007. 3.1.5 Positioning: Cost is a concern for many outsourcers in the UK. As cutting operational cost is one of the prominent aim behind outsourcing, companies that go for outsourcing their activities will turn to clients who provides quality services with low cost. In the present situation Mauritius is far behind other competitors in the industry in terms of cost and size. It cannot compete with leaders in the industry on cost in the near future. In this context, Mauritius has to provide high quality service in order to attain business from UK. Leading companies in UK is following a multi-country strategy for outsourcing their operations after the terrorist attack on Sept.2001. In such a circumstance they are avoiding the cost concept and giving much attention to quality and safety. This gives opportunity to Mauritius to position themselves in UK by offering high quality service.

Lab report Essay Example for Free

Lab report Essay Osmosis is a process that occurs at a cellular level that entails the spontaneous net movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration in order to equalize the level of water in each region. Involved in this process are hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solutions. A hypotonic solution is one with a lower osmotic pressure, indicating that the net movement of water moves into the said solution whereas a hypertonic solution is one with a higher osmotic pressure, thus the net movement of water will be leaving the hypertonic solution. Lastly, an isotonic solution entails no net movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane as the two substances involved display osmotic equilibrium. AIM To observe the effect of solutions different levels of NaCl concentration on potatoes, considering the process of osmosis METHOD (see ‘Potato Osmosis’ – exercise document) Generally rigid in structure although slightly bendy Pale yellow in colour Moist All strips appear the same/similar in structure and size at this point Observations – Post-Extraction Strips immersed in 1. 0M NaCl Solution are very soggy, soft and appear shrunken Strips immersed in 100% H2O are very rigid, swollen, turgid and appear larger/longer they are slightly bent and cannot be straightened due to their rigidity Strips become progressively soggier as the solutions they are immersed in are higher in concentration of NaCl (Fig. 2) Potato strips from the same potato arranged in  descending order of concentration to demonstrate the differences in structure post-extraction. Thus, we can state that there appears to be a negative correlation between NaCl concentration and the mass and length of the potato strips, clearly evident in the above graph which shows an exponential decrease in both mass and length. This can also be initially seen in the post-extraction observations  where it is evident that the potato strips immersed in lower NaCl concentration were far more turgid than those immersed in 100% NaCl solution which were flacid and fragile (see strip-comparison in Fig. 2). This occurrence can be explained through the process of osmosis. As mentioned in the introduction, a hypertonic solution is one with higher osmotic pressure meaning that the net movement of water leaves the solution. This would explain the physical changes – the increase in mass and length as well as the increase in turgidity in the potato strips immersed in 100% H2O solutions or low NaCl-concentration solutions. Since the solution it is submerged in is higher in concentration in water molecules, or hypertonic, the water molecules will diffuse into the area of lower H2O-concentration (the potato strip) in order to achieve equilibrium. Alternatively, the decrease in mass and length in the potato strips submerged in highly concentrated NaCl solutions can be explained by its immersion in a hypotonic solution. Hypertonic solutions, as mentioned Potato Osmosis Biology SL ATh before, are described as those with lower osmotic pressure, indicating that the net movement of water moves into the solution. Therefore, as NaCl solution is less concentrated in H2O molecules than the potato strips, the decrease in mass and length and loss of turgidity results from the net movement of water leaving the potato strips, which is higher in osmotic pressure, and diffusing into the solution. Nevertheless, there are several possible sources of error that could have greatly or negligibly affected the outcome of the experiment. First, we must note the varying external factors resulting from an uncontrolled environment – the biology classroom. Primarily, these would include varying temperatures and humidity which could potentially affect the rate of osmosis as increased temperature results in increased diffusion while increased humidity results in an increased number of water molecules. Secondly, we must note the human errors involved, for example, miscalculations in experimental preparations. These would include the miscalculation of solutions leading to an inaccurate concentration of NaCl as well as the possibility of impurities in the NaCl concoction in the first place while imprecise cutting of the potato strips could’ve affected the surface area and thus the rate of osmosis. This leads us to the errors resulting from variances in the substances used. As already discussed previously, differences in surface area of each potato strip caused by imprecise cutting as well as the marks (lines and notches) imprinted would’ve affected the rate of osmosis while the concentration gradient between each potato strip is likely to differ as well. This stems from the differences in water content of each potato, as, for example, a potato with high water concentration in highly concentrated NaCl solution would have a faster rate of erosion. Further affecting factors could include barriers to diffusion such as the size of pores which would also determine the rate of osmosis. All the mentioned errors above hold the possibility of skewing the data. Subsequently, such errors could have an effect on the reliability of the results. The level of accuracy which has been used throughout this investigation would come into question as a combination of these errors would not permit such precision. Values of percentage change have been taken at two decimal places corresponding with the actual values of mass and length, however, this could be seen as far too precise. A better option would have been to take percentage change as whole numbers or at one decimal place. Nevertheless, we attempted to reduce the potential errors through several measures. With surface area, a cork borer was used in order to uniform the size of the potato strips while the varying concentration gradients were controlled through the completion of several trials (three trials with three potatoes) in order to limit error. Furthermore, to control the effects of the external environment, foil was secured over the beaker containing the submerged potato strips. However, if we refer to the graph, we can see the minimum and maximum spread for each data-point is generally close-set while the R2 value, which calculates the spread of the datapoints from the line of best fit, are both relatively high – both around 0. 9. This demonstrable trend indicates a limiting of the amount of error, and thus fairly reliable results despite possible errors. Overall, the results  ultimately seem reliable although it might’ve been even more reliable by reducing the level of precision (decimal places) when recording it. Ultimately, potential improvements will stem from attempting to reduce the amount of error in this investigation, particularly involving controlling the external environment and the miscalculations. To control the external affecting factors, the solution containing the potato strips can be kept overnight instead in a controlled environment with consistent temperatures and humidity. Limiting the human error would be difficult and time-consuming as this would involve Potato Osmosis Biology SL ATh highly-precise instruments or even more focus dedication from the experimenter during preparation. Finally, nothing can be done to uniform the response of the materials used, thus the completion of even more trials limits the potential error and allows the formation of generalizations. Despite the improvements proposed, those relating to limiting human error and completing more trials may prove to be futile as they are not only time-consuming, but the demonstrable trends resulting from this experiment indicate that no further improvements are necessary to reach the desired conclusion. Having established that there is no real need to pursue drastic improvements for the initial experiment, we can now proceed to discuss possible extensions to the investigation. While we already know the results of osmosis on a potato, we may now wish to better understand it. This can be done by recording the progress of the potato’s transformation either (a) over a period of time (perhaps 24 hours) or (b) until it has reached the point of equilibrium. The mapping of this progress would involve the periodic removal of the samples in order to measure its mass and length, after which it can be compiled into a graph to chart the transformation under osmosis. Alternatively, we could compare the progress of a potato to another type of vegetable or fruit in order to ascertain water content of each. Lastly, the submerged potato strips may be subjected to different kinds of environment, particularly, varying humidity and temperature, without the protection of a foil cap. This would reveal how much of an impact environmental factors would have on the osmotic process and how would the effects manifest. In relation to the question of the sailor, this could represent the life-span one would expect when trapped in certain climates.

Modern Method Of Construction And Proposed Hotel Project Construction Essay

Modern Method Of Construction And Proposed Hotel Project Construction Essay Basically, this report contains two tasks starts with an introduction giving a background of the modern method of construction (MMC) and reflecting the aim and objectives of the Project. One part of the report involved: Review the history and development of modern method of construction Sustainable development and construction The improvement of construction performance by the MMC The justifications from part-1 are: There were numerous changes came to the construction industry after the MMC. MMC gives a wide range of benefits to construction industry The second part of report involved: The outline introduction of proposed hotel Comparison between the traditional and modern method of construction Conclusion with the case study The justifications from the part-2 are: To build a proposed hotel in Wolverhampton MMC is a better preferred method rather than going for a traditional method. This MMC gives better quality building with less onsite labour in a minimum time. Finally there would be conclusions on each section. In addition, the report consist content pages, references and Bibliography. Nothing can be accomplished without hard work so as a report on your hands, hence I really hope that the work I have done in this report will be a considerable work. INTRODUCTION Its true to say that there are many types of non-traditional method of construction in the UK than any other country in the world and also numerical types has been growing. Talking about modern method of construction, its all are better products and processes. By using this MMC, building developers aim to improve business efficiency, quality of building, buyers satisfaction, the performance of environmental, the sustainability time scale, delivery of time, etc. These Modern methods of construction could provide better quality building with less onsite labour in a minimum time. This report mainly talking about the method of MMC and their development in the UK construction industry compared with traditional construction. Furthermore the selections of method for specific proposed hotel which will be build in city centre of Wolverhampton. TASK01: Review the history and development of modern method of construction Introduction to MMC The MMC can be defined as those which give an efficient product management process to provide more products of good quality in a minimum time. It has been defined in a many ways which are pre-fabrication, off-site production and off-site manufacturing. The MMC can be classified for five categories Off site manufacture volumetric There are three dimensional methods produced in the factory, condition prior to transport to site. In this method the dwelling is pre fabricated at off- site then which are assembled on site. Off-site manufacture panellised The flat panel prepared at off- site then assembled on site to make a three dimensional structure. Services, windows, doors, internal finishes and external cladding may also be incorporated. Off-site manufactured-hybrid This method referred to semi-volumetric which are mixed with both volumetric and panellised approach. Off-site manufactured sub-assemblies and components Large element that can be included into both conventionally built or MMC dwelling. Non-site manufacture Using new ideas method of construction used on-site and use of element in an new ideas such as floor or roof cassettes, pre-cast concrete foundation building up, thin jointed blocks, etc. The history of MMC The United Kingdoms construction industry developed strong growth in recent years. UK construction industry is a trend setting construction industry well none for worldwide construction expertises. Approximately one and half million people employed in the construction industry and over 160,000 firms. UK construction industry growing with the infrastructure and the commercial construction sectors at the forefront of this trend. Ralph Morton. (2002) states the new forms of construction developed in response to new forms of demand and they transformed the face of Britain. In 1801 no town in Britain, with the exception of London, had a population of more than 100,000 people. Fifty years later there had been a vast increase in the area of housing, London had grown to two and half million, Liverpool to 376 000, Manchester to 303 000. In the last decade procurement and practice of both public and private work has been subject of huge change. Several wrongs have identified the public and private sector clients dissatisfaction with the traditional approach within the industry. Poor quality, over budget and late completion also has been increased problem in construction industry. For ex: Scottish parliament building in Edinburgh Initial budget-4o million Final cost-430million and 20 months late. The 1st step was taken in1994, Sir Michal Latham reported to the construction industry. Now the constructing best practice developed and developing with the support of Lathams and Eagans reports. These report led to best value, best practice achieving excellence in construction and new procurement routes and mainly focused in delivering value for money deliver project to time , quality and cost. Introduction to Sustainable Development and Sustainable Construction Sustainable development is the process by which we move towards sustainability. Sustainable development focuses on improving the quality of life for all without increasing the use of natural resources beyond the capacity of the environment to supply them indefinitely. As defined in The Brundtland Report (1987): Within the UK construction industry, the concept of sustainable construction has emerged because of growing concerns on the environmental and social impacts created by the construction activities. By definition, sustainable construction is (Khalfan, M.M.A., 2002: 15): The creation and responsible management of healthy built environment based on resources efficient and ecological principles In 2004, Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) has registered more than 170,000 private construction contractors working in the UK and 93% of these companies employed less than 8 people (DTI, 2004). The Triple Bottom Line of Sustainable Construction As a whole, sustainable development or sustainable construction comprises of three broad themes of social, environmental and economic accountability, often known as the triple bottom line. The objectives of these three themes are (Constructing Excellence, 2004): Social To recognise the needs of everyone impacted by construction, from inception of a project to demolition. The list will include construction site workers, local communities, the supply chain and people that will use the finished product. Environmental To protect the environment from the impact of emissions, effluent and waste and where possible, to enhance it and use natural resources, carefully. Economic To increase profitability by making efficient use of resources, which includes labour, materials, energy and water. Figure 5: The Three Themes of Sustainable Development (Source: Khalfan, M.A.A., 2002: Figure 2) Sustainable construction takes account of these objectives in a balance at all stages of a construction project. However, within the context of this research, emphasis will be given the environmental aspect of sustainable construction, at production/construction phase. The improvement of construction performance by the MMC The MMC gives a wide range of benefits to construction industry. This includes a range of technologies and processes. By using MMC construction industry can benefit from: Reduced construction time The MMC can provide new construction facilities in less than half the time required for traditional construction. Reduced on-site activity MMC techniques require less time on site. This can be in the order of 20% of the time required using traditional methods. Reduced on site disruption As a many of construction work carry out off-site, the impact to the existing site is significantly low. In comparison to traditional construction, there is a reduction in noise, dust, and light pollution and the site will also benefit from less vehicle movements. As a result, the construction is able to carry on its operation with minimum disruption to the daily activities. Reduced health and safety risk Most construction work at the off-site therefore risk will be reduced for the workers and also for third parties. Improved quality control This construction makes higher degree of quality assurance. Both contractor and client could able to prove the building before the installation. Reduced force on on-site parking Minimum time required on-site for construction so reduced in need for parking. These are the major issue on many construction sites during the major development. The majority of construction related traffic is directed to the factory, causing less impact on the construction site. Increasing site utilisation Many construction sites are struggle to accommodate much needed new facilities. The nature of construction enables to provide facilities in many challenging locations such as over rooftops, on gantry style support structures and in enclosed courtyards. Overcoming skill shortage Cost-effective Predictable construction progress Reduced waste Fast and precise Speed up housing creation Maintain high standards of design quality Minimum resource consumption Makes use of more effective materials Less period of investment to the client The background to change has been: The apparent failure of the industry to satisfy the perceived needs of its customers, particularly in the way it organises and executes projects Changes in society towards greater openness and accountability, greater efficiency, effectiveness and economy Changes in IT and technology Growth in construction professionals Change in culture of working practices Spectacular failures of high profile, high value projects Recent reports into the state of the industry: Accelerating Change (Rethinking Construction, 2002) Government intervention in construction through privatisation philosophies e.g. compulsory competitive tendering, European legislation, PFI Pressure groups forcing through changes i.e. Clients wanting single point responsibility Impact of quality assurance systems which have evolved into a desire to establish best practices in construction work Conclusion Sustainable construction has increasingly gain popularity in the construction industry. It has been recognised as the way forward to improve the performance of the construction industry in the UK. With regards to the construction activities, sustainable construction practices such as waste management, water conservation, energy efficiency, use and procurement of materials and protection of biodiversity, should be given higher priority by the construction team. Emphasis on these practices will benefit the contractors and the whole construction industry. Task: 02 The outline introduction of proposed hotel The hotel will be built in the city centre of Wolverhampton which is near to the railway station on a restricted area. Shape: rectangular Storeys: 10 Bed room: 16 Hotel and surrounding area The site is in a prominent gateway location, on a major arterial route into the city centre, very close to the railway station. Location factors Narrow width between Culwell Street and Lock Street Levels difference between Culwell Street and Lock Street Overshadowing and lack of outlook because of Wednesfield Road and Noise from traffic, railway line and station Carver blast zone Site bisected by public footpath Contamination This is a very significant and unique site in terms of its location, prominence and constraints. The appropriate uses for this site are limited and a viable alternative to the proposed student housing seems highly unlikely, particularly in the current economic climate. It is considered that the proposed high quality buildings on a very difficult yet prominent site will create a positive landmark that has the potential to substantially improve the image of the City and the scheme should be welcomed. The proposed use and buildings will generate a range of benefits identified above. Comparison between the traditional and modern method of construction Basically, talking about the traditional method of construction its very attractive and simple. Most of the people like to build their dream building in the traditional method. Even though when its compared with modern method it has some disadvantages. The proposed hotel of comparison between both methods given by below. In the context of the construction industry, many of professionals would acknowledge that successful construction projects are often attributed to those that achieve the clients requirements and project objectives set out at the outset of the project. Such objectives may include delivery within the stipulated TIME period, construct within the budgeted COST and meet the QUALITY standard set. Other objectives, equally important, may include meeting functional requirements and satisfaction of the clients. 01) Cost: Clients have been increasingly concerned with the overall profitability of projects and the accountability of projects generally. Cost overruns, in association with project delays, are frequently identified as one of the principal factors leading to the high cost of construction (Charles and Andrew, 1990). In the hotel project, MMC leads to more effective than the traditional method. The MMC will help to ensure cost certainly. Construction time By using of MMC Builders could provide proposed hotel in less than half the time required for traditional construction. So this could help to the client earlier return of money. Site labour requirement In the MMC, most of the working process will carry out at off-site. Therefore all of the project members will be working together to maximise the output, in turn reducing the work required on site compared with traditional method. This implies the construction cost will be saved at all the stages. Professional fees The standard design details used for MMC therefore hotel will be simplify and minimise the need for specialist design input. Waste Site installation of the MMC is rapid and quiet operation this can be done just in time without site storage requirement. On the other hand the delivery of huge amount of materials will be reduced so that waste and also cost will be reduce by using MMC against the traditional method. Return of investment MMC technique has minimum time on-site because most of building element constructs using pre-fabricates elements, off-site production and off-site manufacturing. This could be in order of 20% time required compared with traditional method, again fast return of investment to the client. 02) Quality: To the client, quality may be defined as one of the components that contributes to value for money (Flanagan and Tate, 1997). Vincent and Joel (1995) define total quality management as: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the integration of all functions and processes within an organisation in order to achieve continuous improvement of the quality of goods and services. The goal is customer Satisfaction. Furthermore, in order to achieve successful project quality management three separate drivers to quality management must be managed, namely: Integration of the project team so as to have a single objective and a common culture A customer focus for the team thereby facilitating the provision of products and services that will meet the clients needs A process of continuous improvement in the management of the construction project. MMC can deliver the hotel as good quality as much techniques providing under the durability. It makes possible a far higher degree of the quality control than a traditional construction project because of the factory controlled environment in terms of pre-assembled units. The hotel of both contractor and client can prove the building before installation on site. Using MMC hotel could ensure majority of internal fitting and mechanical and electrical installations with the good quality control and protecting against the weather damage and delays during the construction. 03) Speed Speed completion of a construction project is frequently seen as a major criterion of project success by clients, contractors and consultants alike. Newcombe et al. (1990) note that there has been universal criticism of the failure of the construction industry to deliver projects in a timely way. NEDO (1983) states that a disciplined management effort is needed to complete a construction project on time, and that this concerted management effort will help to control both costs and quality. This is tantamount to saying that the clients objectives can be achieved through a management effort that recognises the interdependence of time, cost and quality. Time MMC technique requires minimum time on-site because hotel construction going to be built using pre-fabricates elements, off-site production and off-site manufacturing. This could be in order of 20% time required compared with traditional method. This time saving implies: The site productivity will be increased and also speed. Earlier return of investment of hotel for the client Site preliminaries could be reduced as 8% to 15 of the total construction cost. Reduced in on-site labour requirement to less than a quarter. The standard design will be used in the project. Therefore this MMC could make better use of scarce and minimise in total development time with regard to maximum speed. 04) Risk In the last 25 years over 2,800 people have died by injuries as a result of construction process in Britain. Today health and safety conditions have been improved by the construction professionals. Many of contractors are seeking for improve safety on site for its employees and also subcontractors. The location of hotel project is close to the rail way station and also restricted area. The risk should be considerable mainly at the working site. The major benefit of using MMC in the hotel project, the health and safety risk involved minimised due to following factors: Off-site manufacture: Many of the construction and fit out of the hotel will take place in a controlled factory environment where is not affected by the weather condition. The multi story of hotel will be constructed at ground level minimising risks from working at height. Safety measures could be strictly imposed and simple to supervise. Modern installation: Once the installation delivered to site, a fit out modern building requires fewer contractors, far smaller no of deliveries, less construction compound and overall minimises the disruption to the hotel surrounding environment. All of these things reduce the health and safety risk. When compared to traditional method, overall the complete construction process could be 60% of the total time of traditional method, again reducing probability of incident. Disruption: The installation to the hotel will take place off-site. It has fewer people will be around and cause less disruption to the site area. The less period on site also exposes hotel staff and public to minimise risks. The reduced working progress on site will reduce exposure to risks both for construction workers and the public, again MMC makes much safer from construction. 05) Design integration: In the MMC the design integration must be considered early and also economy of scale could be achieved through the design. Once it compared to traditional method the MMC has more preferred method when design integration considered. The following key points are consist benefits of MMC compared to traditional. At off-site manufacture hotel building gives a pre-assembled unit life spans could vary from 25 to 60 year design life by using frame type and specification employed. The frame going to be used in the construction of hotel, which benefit from void at roof level allowing easy to re-routing of mechanical and electrical services. During the life cycle of the hotel, floor could be reconfigured with the mechanical and electrical services simply suit in the service void. The hotel could be relocated en masse to another site, and it will be used for the same purpose where it was originally constructed or re-configured for a different requirement. In the MMC, most of the hotel structure will be built using steel. This gives very efficient as a structural material and relatively small quantity of steel accomplishes spans of high-load bearing capacity and also it has less in weight so it can be handled easily on site. Conclusion: MMC offers considerable offers to the developers or builders in term of fast of construction, ability to pre-plan the construction work and minimised call-backs. Its providing hotel building offers sustainability in the honest way that traditional construction will never be able to match. Even though this MMC still facing some barriers which are poor understanding, poor courage, poor acuity, poor agreement for products, poor skills and cost perception. So in this hotel construction its essential that these obstacle both by client and project team members. Case study 01: Hotel, Granada Travelodge, London This project contains 64 bed rooms building with underground parking facilities. It was built by the steel frame with the support of MMC. It has five story building and space for public on the ground floor. Building includes bar for breakfast and different lifts facilities. The benefits arisen from MMC in this project were: Maintained better finished quality Site production and preparation was done in same time with factory production, therefore less disruption for existing business and environment. There was a cost effective for 5 storey building. Hotel was built within 27 weeks, more of this winter moths also included. The all manufacture cost was reduced by 35% Extra revenue, as early completion of the building was brought additional  £179,000 income for the client. Case study 02: Barling court, stockwell, London This project contains 8 apartments with the bed room facilities. This apartment originally were manufactured in Krakow and transferred to sites. No of apartments-08 Project cost- £700,000 Construction type- Modern Reduction in site labour-75% Reduction in commercial vehicle movement-40% Reduction in waste-70% From these case studies Again these case studies give a better preferred method is MMC Its a preferred method of proving hotel as proposed.

tragoed Oedipus the King (Oedipus Rex) as Ideal Tragic Hero Essay

Oedipus Rex as the Ideal Tragic Hero If we give ourselves up to a full sympathy with the hero, there is no question that the Oedipus Rex fulfills the function of a tragedy, and arouses fear and pity in the highest degree. But the modern reader, coming to the classic drama not entirely for the purpose of enjoyment, will not always surrender himself to the emotional effect. He is apt to worry about Greek fatalism and the justice of the downfall of Oedipus, and, finding no satisfactory solution for these intellectual difficulties, loses half the pleasure that the drama was intended to produce. Perhaps we trouble ourselves too much concerning the Greek notions of fate in human life. We are inclined to regard them with a lively antiquarian interest, as if they were something remote and peculiar; yet in reality the essential difference between these notions and the more familiar ideas of a later time is so slight that it need not concern the naive and sympathetic reader. After all, the fundamental aim of the poet is not to te ach us about these matters. but to construct a tragedy which shall completely fulfill its proper function. Nevertheless, for the student of literature who feels bound to solve the twofold problem, How is the tragedy of Oedipus to be reconciled with a rational conception of life? and How does Oedipus himself comply with the Aristotelian requirements for a tragic hero? there is a simple answer in the ethical teaching of the great philosopher in whose eyes the Oedipus Rex appears to have been well-nigh a perfect tragedy. In other words, let us compare the ideal of the Ethics with the ideal of the Poetics. Aristotle finds the end of human endeavor to be happiness, that is, an unhampered activity of the soul i... ... in accordance with reason. In the Oedipus Rex Sophocles had already shown the reverse. The man who sees but one side of a matter, and straightway, driven on by his uncontrolled emotions, acts in accordance with that imperfect vision, meets a fate most pitiful and terrible, in accordance with the great laws which the gods have made. This philosophy of Aristotle and Sophocles is clearly expressed in the drama itself. "May destiny still find me," sings the Chorus, "winning the praise of reverent purity in all words and deeds sanctioned by those laws of range sublime, called into life throughout the high, clear heaven, whose father is Olympus alone; their parent was no race of mortal men, no, nor shall oblivion ever lay them to sleep: the god is might in them and grows not old." Works Cited: Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1991.

FRANKENSTEIN Essay -- Essays Papers

FRANKENSTEIN In the story â€Å"Frankenstein,† written by the author Mary Shelley, Victor Frankenstein decided that wanted to create a being out of people that were already dead. He believed that he could bring people back from the grave. Playing with nature in such a way would make him play the role of God. With Victor Frankenstein feeling that he had no true friends, the only relief he had of expressing his feeling was through letters to Elizabeth. Elizabeth was not Victors’ true sister but he loved her very dearly, making sure to always write her when ever he had the chance. Yet, when Victor left something strange came over him. Already being interested in subjects such as natural philosophy and chemistry, he fall upon the question of how to bring someone back to life. He became very involved in this project and worked on it for days on end. The project had to do with defying the laws of nature. Victor believe wholeheartedly that he could bring the dead back to life. He felt that the dead were not ready to die and they were just resting. Victor became so self absorbed into his project that he seem to forget all that was important to him. He even disengaged himself from all the people he loved in his life. People like his father, Elizabeth, and other loved ones. Victor began to write less and less. Yet, it was not until Elizabeth got a discouraged letter from Victor, did his love ones start to wary about him. Though, the letter was full of words, it gave no relief ...