Childhood Obesity :: Obesity in Children

As the saying goes, You are what you eat, is there initially someone to blame for that reason? Over the years as our nation grows, so does the appetite of many Americans. In recent studies, as obesity rates in the U.S. continue to rise, childhood obesity is among an ever-pressing concern for the public health. Children between the sequence of two and five take a crap grown in obesity rate and adolescents aged twelve to nineteen have tripled in that rate. Obesity has not exactly grown over the span of fifteen years but has become an epizootic among young Americans. But who has to be at fault for the increase of weight down in youth? There are many accusations of different people to put the blame but has anyone truly looked at the people selling these refrain/junk nourishment products. It is said that fast food industries spend millions of dollars in advertising which pretty much dominate what we watch and hear. So the cause of this epidemic of obesity is not always parents or t he lack of good nutrition/exercise but also the tricks and schemes advertising do to lure in consumers into purchase their products but foremost targeting the younger crowd.Marketing campaigns for fast food are stronger and louder than ever now days. It is among one of the fastest growing strategies in advertising. For instance, the marketing of food in the mass media, particularly television has saturated children with advertisements touting all manner of fast food, cereal, and candy (Malvasi, 30).In some cases, parents are put to blame for their childrens obesity, but we seize to realize the financial situation a parent can be in. Many single parents bring in a secondary income and do not have the money to prepare a healthy home cooked meal. They relay on dollar menus not just for their lack of parenting but they have to feed their children somehow and that may be their only option. Also, if parents bring in low income it is more likely that they workplace long shifts, or even work two jobs.

The Perception of Pain :: Senses Medical Essays

The Perception of PainAt some point in life, all people experience injure. The presence of pain can prevent further damage to an hurt area or even prevent an damage from occurring, but pain that continues, by and by interference or even after healing, can be debilitating (Loeser and Melzack, 1999). Stephani Curtis (1997) presents a case study of a 32-year-old woman, Mrs. J, who injured her lower back when she fell off a horse. As a result of this accident, Mrs. J experienced a ruptured lumbar disc. The treatment, a lumbar laminectomy, failed to placate her pain. Due to the pain and the effects of her prescribed medication, Mrs. J was forced to curtail her activities, and she had to quit her job as a truck driver. Psychologists, neurosurgeons, and other health-care professionals research to discharge pain for patients like Mrs. J. This much needed research offers hope for the millions of people whose lives have been disrupted by pain, such as chronic pain, hyperalgesia, and all odynia.While pain has always been present in humans lives, Loeser and Melzack (1999) report that it is in only the past 30 years that pain research has made advances in both the treatment and the understanding of pain. There are three basic categories of pain transient, acute, and chronic.Short-term, or transient pain, serves to protect an individual from any lasting damage. Nociceptive transducers activate this in effect(p) kind of pain in daily life when people stub a toe or get a mild sunburn. People seldom seek medical care to address transient pain symptoms. The pain itself motivates the person to stop the harmful activity to prevent additional pain and prejudicious injury.When damage does occur to an injured area, nociceptive transducers also activate acute pain, another beneficial type of pain. A broken bone or a tissue-damaging burn are examples of this medium-duration pain. People normally go to the doctor to aid the natural healing of the body and to reduce pain. Acute p ain rarely continues for prolonged than three months although, continuous acute pain from malignant diseases can last longer.The final category of pain, chronic, presents many challenges to both patients, like Mrs. J, and health-care providers. The pain fails to cease after treatment or even after healing in some cases. The body may be unable to heal as in the amputation of a limb. Pain experienced in the missing limb is known as phantom limb pain (Loeser and Melzack, 1999 Pain Drain, 1999).

Blake :: essays research papers

In Blakes "capital of the United Kingdom" the speaker connects various characters and socio/political institutions in order to critique the injustices perpetrated in England. The busy, commercial urban center of capital of the United Kingdom functions as a space in which the speaker can imagine the inescapable interconnections of English institution and citizens. Although separated by differences of class and gender, the citizens of London brush up against each other so that the misery of the poor and dispossessed is a direct indictment of the callousness of the rich and powerful, f the institutions of separate and religion.     The speaker of the poem emphasizes the social and economic differences that separate the citizens of London. By repeating the word "charterd", he reminds the reader of the commercial nature of the city, the fact that portions of it are owned, and that non everyone has equal access to goods or property. In the first line of his poem as Blake speaks of how he is wandering through the "charterd" streets, he is commenting on this commercial outlook of London. As he moves on in his poem he also refers to the "charterd" Thames, he is telling us in this second line that however a river which is a force of nature, is owned in London. When Blake says that he sees "marks of weakness, marks of woe" in "every face" he meets, he intends that he can see how this commercialism is impact everyone rich and poor.     Yet, despite the divisions that the word charterd suggests, the speaker contends that no one in London, neither rich or poor, escapes a pervasive sense of misery and entrapment. The speaker talks of how in "every cry of every man" he hears the misery. Blake is once again reminding us that this is affecting everyone. As he goes on to comment on he can hear it in "every infants cry of fear", he is saying that even the babies know wha t is going to happen to them when they grow up and they fear the misery that they will soon face. In the next line of the poem Blake chooses to use a very interesting word. When he writes "in every ban" he leaves the line open to many different interpretations. The word ban can mean a political prohibition, a curse, or an announcement of marriage. The political meaning is an obvious one in this poem, Blake obviously does not like the politics of London and he fells that the commercialism is preventing the people from being happy.

Appeasement Essay -- essays research papers

The 1920s had a good outlook towards peace, but near the can of the decade and throughout the 1930s signs of war were forming. Leaders arose in countries that were unsatisfied with the results of World War I. Germany, Italy, and Japan took aggressive actions, and neither the league of Nations nor the democratic countries were taenia them. British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain suggested the insurance policy of appeasement towards Hitler to keep peace. Europe moved closer to war as these actions were made. World War II had propelled with the insufficiency of judgement by the League of Nations by continuous appeasing Hitler. September 3, 1939 was when the world plunged into World War II. The main reason for the cause of this war was the policy of appeasement. Before the war started, In October 1935, Mussolini ordered a massive invasion of Ethiopia. After Italy attacked, Haile Selassie, leader of Ethiopia, asked the League of Nations for assistance. In document 2, Haile Selass ie, requested the League of Nations help stop the invasion and when the Leagues response was ineffective he said, God and history will remember your judgementIt is us today. It will be you tomorrow. By now, Hitler came to power and was leading the Nazis in the Third Reich. They had also became the largest political party. In March 1935, the Fuhrer (Hitler) announced that Germany would not obey the restrictions of the Versailles Treaty. The League of Nations only issued a mild warning for the rebuilding of Germanys a...

student :: essays research papers

Organizations have long sought to provide employees with consolidated desktop access to the various applications, business servicees, and sources (both technology and human) required to perform knowledge-based live. only if as recently as five years ago, the desktop environment was still woefully inadequate to this task. The ability to access aggregated enterprise study on-demand required a more reflective, process-centric model of desktop computing-that is, if someone were to look over your shoulder as you work, would their view of your desktop reflect the nature of the work (i.e., the business processes) in which youre engaged? The classic desktop computing interface did not allow this kind of on-demand access-much of the integration between information, enterprise apps, and business process still occurred in the "gray matter" between the ears of knowledge workers. The enterprise information portal (EIP) addresses this need.. At their core functional level, EIPs atomi c number 18 all or so access-a single point of personalized, on-line access to business information and knowledge sources, as well as, increasingly, real-time access to core applications and processes. Key enabling technologies here(predicate) include advances in security (including sophisticated directory/authentication services), the proliferation of "portlets" or "gadgets" (API-like chunks of code for plugging enterprise apps into the portal), as well as the maturation and widespread adoption of XML (for " ready" or "intelligent" content). As the technology behind portals evolves, so do the ways in which enterprises are using enterprise portals to achieve their business goals. primarily adopted by small departments and subsets of employees, the portal concept has expanded to encompass virtually all employees as well as the extended organizations partners and suppliers. Enterprise portals are reaching all the way out to individual customers, prov iding them with a personalized view of the organization or enterprise.

Lord of the Flies Essay

The definition of an legend is a symbolic expression of meaning in story (world position Dictionary). In the novel, The Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, is about a group of young British boys who get stranded on an island and have to survive themselves with no help from the outside world. This novel can be viewed as an allegory in three different ways, first as a political allegory, coterminous as a psychological allegory and finally as a religious allegory.The Lord of the Flies can first be viewed as a political allegory. This is in comparison to World War II. At this time the world was divided into part, the free world and the Soviet Union. In this novel it is expert like how the island divided into two groups, Jacks group and Ralphs group. After the Cold War, the world was in fear of a nuclear closing of the world. In The Lord of the Flies the world is also in fear of total destruction. In conclusion this novel could be used to compare wars or political separati on with the outside world beyond the island the young British boys on.Second, this novel is a psychological allegory. Different characters were used to represent the different parts of the human psyche. Jack is used to represent the id, Piggy the superego and Ralph is the ego. As the id, Jack works to create his natural instinct. While Piggy, representing the superego, tries to control Jacks impulsive demeanour his control back fires. Throughout the story, Piggy tries to keep peace between Jack and Ralph.Lastly, The Lord of the Flies, can be viewed as a religious allegory representing the Garden of Eden. The island was a perfectly livable island. It had food, warm weather, and a source of water. The snake in the Garden that lures Adam and Eve to eat the apple is respectable like the beastie who tricks the other boys to do what they arent supposed to do. While Piggy, his death, and the parachutist represent the fall mankind. Plus, Simon is kind of like a Christ figure who sacrifice s himself to excuse the others.In conclusion, the book The Lord of the Flies is jam-packed with allegories. Whether its a political, psychological or religious allegory, the novel has far too many of examples to name them all.

Benefits of Rehabilitation in the American Juvenile Justice System

Tanush SwaminathanMs. SimmonsHo nos ELA 1A06 March 2018Benefits of Rehabilitation in the Ameri screw Juvenile Justice constitutionIn 2010, according to the U.S Department of Justice, approximately 70,800 teen jump onds were incarcerated in youth detention facilities alone, with 500,000 total youths brought to detention centers in any given year.The juvenile arbitrator system, which was repair up in 1899, has previously focused primarily on the punishment of juveniles, but recently, between 2005 to 2012, its focus changed switching to rehabilitation of these children, providing them with education to help peck their problems. Emphasis on rehabilitation kinda than punishment has made the juvenile justice system more effective, helping better the childrens lives and providing them with support and comfort.The juvenile justice system was first created in Illinois in 1899, and a lot has changed since then. Due to the large crack cocaine epidemic in the 1980s, the government started using harsher laws and punishments, pencil lead to more convicted prisoners. After a couple of decades of reconsidering the objectives of incarceration, the government began to introduce the ideas of rehabilitation between 2005 and 2012.The result was a bettering the youths lives and the undefendableing of doors for their future. An example is the case of Hernan Carvente. In 2008, 15 year old Carvente shot a rival gang member in Queens and was arrested and sentenced to a 2-6 year sentence. He served in a juvenile facility, but at the facility he received counseling and other(a) support. He also began a college program..hes grateful for the opportunities he was given duration in custody.Now 25, Carvente earned a bachelors degree and is planning to go to graduate school (Stoffers 10). This is a prime example of how rehabilitation can vigorous-being juveniles. By providing education and support, Carventes life was turned around. Opportunities were given, allowing him to continue his education and become a productive member of society. Rehabilitation also prevents juveniles from returning to detention centers or prisons in the future due to committing a nonher offense.This not only improves the childrens lives, allowing them to have a future, but also can cut down on the address of incarcerating juveniles, which currently stands at a whopping $5.7 billion a year (Stoffers 8). Incorporating rehabilitation into the justice system allows children to feel much safer, providing counseling and various other resources. Many states argon changing their detention centers to look like schools, making the transition for juveniles much easier and more familiar, while having the same security levels.In Brazos County, the traditional detention facilities are also moving towards a more humane, normalized environment that does not re- impairmenttize children who often come from difficult circumstancesincorporating so-callight-emitting diode special postulate housing pods designed to accommodate behavioral issues, mental illness.. afterschool programming, life skills training, and special interest classes(Pitts 13).A slow transition from an aesthetic point of view, as well as counseling and extra classes allows these individuals to feel more comfortable and receive more help. It provides a much safer environment and prevents them from having to face circumstances like those that led them down wrong paths, as many of the juveniles incarcerated come from poverty and from low income neighborhoods.The change to a more familiar setting, like schools which they are used to, reduces trauma and intimidation. The different housing pods and counseling methods also allow the children to be treated and helped along the way. This could help them better understand and, in the future, best rectify their past tense mistakes, which would stop them returning to these facilities and allow them to live a more successful life.The extra classes after school also give the individuals a chance to open up their mind to learn something new-fashioned or acquire new skills. These type of facilities provide a lot of support and help, along with extra-curricular classes, to spark new interests or help the children find a productive hobby. Rehabilitation also leads to the juvenile system being more beneficial for the incarcerated.The numbers speak for themselves as of 2010, More than 100,000 children were incarcerated on any single day. In 2013, that number was down to 54,000.and they and their families are receiving treatment for a fraction of the cost of incarceration(Hannum 19). Implementing rehabilitation quite an than punishment in juvenile detention centers decreased the number of children incarcerated on any given day by half.This proves that rehabilitation is more advant long timeous for the children, as many of them are stopped from becoming repeat offenders. It also makes it much more cost effective for the government and for the criminals famil ies. Because many such children come from disoriented homes and a poor background, the families often do not have enough money to spend in order to get the juveniles treated and rehabilitated.Now, with the help of rehabilitation, the individuals can get treated for a much cheaper cost than incarceration, saving money for the government and families, while also allowing more children to get the help and the support they need. The narrate above also shows that rehabilitation is much more effective and has a bigger impact on children in terms of preventing further criminal activity, rather than punishment alone.Recently, many actions have been taken to further spread rehabilitation and end many of the punishments faced by prisoners. The Supreme Court has been recently reviewing the ordinal Amendment, which states that cruel or unusual punishments shall not be inflicted on citizens. Two punishments specifically, the death row and solitary confinement, have been banned for people unde r the age of 18.These landmark cases have changed the justice system and promoted rehabilitation for juveniles. An example of this is the Supreme Court case Simmons vs. Roper. Simmons had affiliated a capital murder at the age of 17, and was sentenced to death at the age of 18. Due to the fact that Simmons committed the crime when he was 17, meaning he was juvenile, his death penalty was set aside and he received life imprisonment without parole.From that particular case ruling on, children under the age of 18 who were not legal adults at the time of the crime were not eligible for the death penalty. Another example of a Supreme Court case is Graham vs. Florida in 2010, which ended life sentences without parole for crimes other than homicide committed by juvenilesThen last summer, in Miller vs. Alabama the court ruled that imposing mandatory life sentences without the possibility of parole for juveniles violates the Eighth Amendment(Brown 22). These cases are some examples of the s low shift from punishment to rehabilitation.The gradual transformation from punishment to rehabilitation is more beneficial for incarcerated youths.Rehabilitation is effective, it helps better the childrens lives, and also provides them with assistance and a feeling of safety. Extracurricular classes are also provided to help them find new hobbies. In contrast to the use of punishment, rehabilitation has cut down on the cost of incarceration, and prevents juveniles from returning to detention or correctional facilities in the future.This as a result allows more juveniles to receive the treatment without having repeat offenders taking advantage of the facilities over again and again. non only this, but it also provides better therapy and support so that the individuals can become successful by bettering themselves and moving past their previous surroundings. whole kit and caboodle CitedBrown, Sarah Alice. Kids Are Not Adults. State Legislatures, vol. 39, no. 4, Apr. 2013, p. 20. EB SCOhost, search.ebscohost.com. Accessed 26 February 2018Hannum, Kristen. A Deficit of Hope. U.S. Catholic, vol. 81, no. 5, May 2016, pp. 12-19. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com. Accessed 14 February 2018.Pitts, Andrew.The Changing Face of Juvenile Justice. American Jails, vol. 31, no. 5, Nov/Dec 2017, pp. 8. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com. Accessed 15 February 2018.Stoffers, Carl. Juvenile Justice Can Young Criminals Be Reformed? A Growing Number of States Think SoBut Not Everyone Is Convinced. (Cover Story). New York Times Upfront, vol. 150, no. 6, 11 Dec. 2017, pp. 8-11. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com. Accessed 12 February 2018..

International Water Conflict Essay

piss is one of the most precious commodities for human beings. To some, it is the very lifeblood of the globe. From time immemorial, the availability of piss has determined the rhythms of daily life in many regions. The critical importance of wet organization to the survival of the human race dissolve be seen in the earliest civilizations whose growth and sustenance were closely fastened to its water distri only whenion systems. Many authors have located the importance of water in different religious observances.In Hindu and Buddhist traditions, the rivers of the earth, including the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra, get down from the mythical Mount Meru, the living place for the gods. In the Christian tradition, the waters originate from the Garden of Eden, and that divides the world into greatest streams the Nile, the Tigris, the Euphrates, the Indus and the Ganges. Islam also gives water its due importance. The blessed book Koran describes that every living thing is m ade from water. As Caponera points out, it seems that in the Koran, the most precious creation after humankind is water.There is a water crisis today. Water is not only a commodity, it is synonymous with life. All life on earth is dependent on water. If water is life, its self-command bestows power. Water has crucial economic value, and it is a subsistence resource. Also, water has an emotional and symbolic value for certain countries and communities. The scarcity of water is increasing worldwide and its quality is constantly deteriorating. Water shortages reduce food production, aggrandize poverty, amplify disease and force people to migrate.The scarcity of water also chthonicmines the states capacity to govern. roughly half of the worlds population lives in foreign river privys. Sharing of the international rivers hindquarters therefore be a serious object of statement between riparian nations. For the last few years, water war has been a topic of widespread debate. Howeve r, wars over river water are likely only under a narrow set of circumstances, as there are also to a greater extent examples of water cooperation than water combat among countries. save, the increasing scarcity of water raises distrust about the sustainability of these cooperative agreements over the international rivers. Water scarcity is busyly severe in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, owing to population growth, urbanization and industrialization. Whether the water crisis intensifies the altercate over the shared waters or whether it can be turned towards sustainable cooperative management of river resources, depends on many interacting processes.In this book (International conflict over water resources), after analyzing the existing sharing mechanisms of the major international river systems in these regions, argues that the real solution lies in a comprehensive approach to river basin management. The scarcity of water is increasing worldwide and the quality of the water i s continu solelyy deteriorating. The growing global water stress poses a threat to the survival and successfulness of present and future generations. The gap between the needs of the growing population and the diminishing fresh water resources is widening every day.In the arid and tropic regions, where countries possess a very limited supply of water, it is not difficult to perceive the consequences. Water, a key necessity of life, can also cause abrasion between communities and countries, realmicularly in climatic zones where it is hard to come by. The over-exploitation of water resources might result in an acute shortage. From this perspective, it will be impossible for all the social actors to remain comfortable with the present or future prospects of the availability of the resource.These actors will work purposefully and consciously for their own interests. Increasing competition can potentially destroy the existing social arrangements for water distribution in the society. Newly organized actors with conflict behaviors might emerge in the future or the incompatibilities between existing actors might grow in societies with a weak administrative structure and laden with ethnic and social dichotomies. Scarce water resources can potentially trigger conflicts between the state and its internal groups.The development of water resources by the state by anatomying dams, irrigation infrastructures, or industries in a particular region might be perceived by the local population as exploitation for the interest of others. Regional parties may be activated or environmental groups may be formed to challenge the actions of the state. If a particular group is involved in exploiting more than its perceived share of water with the relief of the state, then this inter-group conflict may escalate into conflict between the exploited group and the state itself.As discussed earlier, the construction of large dams for the efficient use of water resources has created tensi on between the state and a group of its own citizens in the past few years. The growing demand for irrigation and energy activates the state agencies to plan and build mega hydro-projects, which displace large population and inundate vast areas. In many places, the project affected population takes up of the struggle against the state. The list of mega dams that have witnessed this chassis of protest is very long.The major ones include Sanmenxia and Three Gorges in China Madur Oya and Mahavali Project in Sri Lanka Mangla, Nanela and Tarbela in Pakistan Kaptai in Bangladesh Arun in Nepal Akasombo in Ghana Kossou in Ivory Coast Tana and Athi in Kenya Itaparica and Tucurui in Brazil Kainji and Niger dikes in Nigeria Ataturk and Keban in Turkey Lam Pao and Nam Pong in Thailand Kedong Ombo and Batang Ai in Indonesia Upper Pampanga in Philippines Manantali in Mali Savajina in Colombia Brokopondo in Suriname Caracol and Netzahualcoyotl in Mexico and Nam Ngum in Laos.India, currently in t he forefront of dam construction, deserves a separate list of its own. The Indian hydro-projects that have of late led to protest executions by the displaced people are Pong Dam, Subarnarekha Project, Nagarjunsagar Project, Srisailam Project, Lower Manair Dam, Upper Krishna Projects, Tehri Dam, Narmada Projects and Ukai Reservoir Project. Sometimes disagreement over the development and sharing of water resources may begin with competing groups inside a state, but the states perceived favour of a particular group brings the state as a party to the conflict.Similarly, if the water source exploitation is perceived as the states intentional act on a particular region or people, a group identity may form, leading to conflict with the state. The construction of dams for hydropower generations in the northern part of Sweden to provide energy to the industries and factories in the South has dumbfound an area of disagreement between the Sami people of the North and the Swedish state. The Samis, who live in the forests in the Arctic Circle, accuse the state of favoring city dwellers at the exist of their livelihood and welfare.Even though this contention has not transformed into a violent separatist movement, the reactions to similar issues in South Asia have been quite different. discrimination over the sharing of river water from the Indus river system has been one of the major causes of violent secessionist movement in the Punjab province of India in the 1980s and 1990s. This Sikh-dominated province has been traditionally provided with a water supply from the Beas, Sutlej and Ravi Rivers.The demands of the downriver provinces of Rajasthan and Haryana persuaded the Indian government to construct canals and divert 60 per cent of Punjabs water and energy to those Hindu-majority regions. This became one of the major motivations for the Sikh Party (Akali Dal) to ask for autonomy in the 1970s, which subsequently transformed into an extreme violent secessionist movem ent in the 1980s and 1990s. On the other side of the border, the dispute over the sharing of the same Indus river system water has also played a critical role in a major separatist movement in Pakistan.The Pakistani part of Punjab, which is economically and governmentally the most powerful province in the country, takes advantage of its upstream location and consumes most of the waters of the Indus river system through the help of barrages and dams, ignoring the demand of the downstream Sind province. The perceived close tie of the federal government with the Punjab province has escalated this conflict between the Sind province and the Pakistani government. The tie beam between fresh water resources and international conflicts can be investigated at least in two different dimensions.First, in an interstate conflict, the deliberate targeting of water storage facilities may be directly responsible for inducing water scarcity or reducing the water quality of the opponent. Thus, water scarcity functions part of a military strategy and military behavior. The British Royal Air Force damaged a few German dams in the bombing runs of 1943. Dams and dykes were finished during the Korean and Vietnam wars by the US bombing. Iran claimed to have hit a hydroelectric station in Iraq in July 1981, as part of the Iran-Iraq War. Dams, water storage and carry-over systems were targeted by the warring sides during the 1991 Gulf War.Allied forces even had thought of a plan to shut off the flow of water to Iraq by using the Ataturk Dam in Turkey. Armies in Yemen (in the 1994 war) and former Yugoslavia (1991-95) used the water storage facilities as targets to create problems for their adversaries. In January 1993, the Serbian militia seriously damaged the Peruca Dam in Croatia. There are cases where in fact a human population is held hostage to political and military leaders. Manipulation with such basic human supplies in times of war should be an urgent issue for international humanitarian law, and it certainly would be unacceptable under conditions of peace.However, the aim here is to concentrate on a second dimension of the relationship the likelihood of changes in fresh water resource supply to cause or contribute to the emergence and/or escalation of conflicts among states. As discussed before, there has been a general decline in the quantity and quality of global fresh water resource. This leads us to consider scarcity of resources as a cause of conflict, in conflict theory language an incompatibility between already existing parties. A common starting point in the analysis of many inter-state conflicts has been sought in the desire of the leaders of states to acquire territory.In the post-Second World War period, it has become unfashionable and immoral to conquer territories of others. Nevertheless this has happened repeatedly, for instance, in the Middle East, in South and Southeast Asia and lately in Europe. Huth characterizes territorial dispute as one of the enduring features of international politics. But, why do states fight for each others territory? As Toset, Gleditsch and Hegre explain, territory can be a symbol of self-determination and national identity, but it can also be a proxy for tangible resources found on the territory.Thus, access to water supply can be a motive of waging war. Under special circumstances it is a possibility that scarcity of fresh water resources may give rise to serious armed conflict. Water is not transported across large distances, as is the case with oil or minerals, for instance. In the post-Second World War period, political actions are taking place more in order to satisfy the demands of the majorities of a country. (Barrett, S. 1994, p. 24) This means that stronger nations might be more in need of natural resources on the territory of other states, to bear on the growing needs and desires of the home population.In this way, development might be seen to require the acquisition or ex ploitation of a larger share of collectively owned fresh water resource. The water on the surface of the earth is naturally organized within river basins. The river basins are the fundamental units of the fresh water world and the central feature of the ecology of the planet. Moreover, the river runoff is the most important source of available fresh water for human consumption. However, the rivers do not follow the political boundaries nearly 260 rivers flow from one country to another.More than 40 per cent of the worlds population is directly dependent upon the fresh water from these international rivers and about two-thirds of these people live in developing countries. The use or misuse of water in the upstream countries affects its quantity and quality in the downstream countries. Downstream nations can affect the flow of water by building large-scale dams, with effects spilling over the borders. The International Water Management Institute in Colombo projects that in 2025, 3 bi llion people will be living in countries facing water stress.Water tables are increasingly falling in every continent. Many developing countries already face serious problems in beseeminging rapidly growing water demands. In order to meet such demands, further pressure is being placed on these blue water resources, this over-exploitation resulting in acute shortages. Faced with such scarcity, water has increasingly become a source of social tension, bringing further competition and creating conflict which, together, have the potential to destroy the existing arrangements for water distribution.Even though such tensions are omnipresent, they tend to be more complex and difficult where international rivers, lakes and aquifers are concerned. The Centre for Natural Resources, Energy and Transport (CNRET), now a defunct UN unit, brought out a Register of International Rivers in 1978. In that it listed 214 internationally shared rivers and lakes 57 in Africa, 40 in Asia, 48 in Europe, 3 3 in North America and 36 in South America. The CNRET study has become dated because of significant changes in international geopolitical borders and names of countries and rivers in the last 25 years.The names of some countries and rivers have also changed in this period. The disintegration of the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Ethiopia and Czechoslovakia has helped to increase the yield of internationally shared rivers and lakes, and also the number of basin countries. For example, the Volga River is now international, and the Aral Sea is shared by at least four independent states. The re-unification of Germany and Yemen has made the Weser basin and the Teban basin national, contributing to a hang in the number of international fresh water resources.

Is a Fair Trade Policy Superior to a Free Trade Policy?

Graduate Business Ethics-Section 01 March 5, 2013 Is a Fair tidy sum Policy Superior to a Free Trade Policy? In the past 30 years the business world has changed tremendously because of globalization. It has allowed a trading relationship grow between the developed and develop countries. The United States has greatly profited from this relationship American business retain been able to cut their labor termss by moving majority of the low ball-hawking jobs to countries such as China, India, and Mexico. In The Fair Play Debate, Joseph Stiglitz fights for neat trade.He considers fair trade policies are needed to protect the poor from the rich. On the other hand, Gary Hufbauer argues for cede trade stating that it is a superior policy because it can benefit everyone in the developed and developing world. I agree with Joseph Stiglitz in this matter, because I cogitate fair trade is the best policy for the business world today. When people speak of globalization they only speak of t he positives. They say free trade has increased the American household income by lowering costs of products and this was possible because labor costs were cut.Joseph Stiglitz speaks of the other side of globalization. He states Americans who used to work these low skilled jobs throw away lost their jobs and are having a difficult time finding employment. Not only that, but the workers in these countries are also suffering because the work milieu isnt safe and they are underpaid. The unemployment rate in the United States has been increasing over the past 30 years. Factories have been closing and businesses have permanently turf out down all over the U. S. Many Americans have packed up their belongings and moved to other areas to find work.In the article Can the Midwest chance its Economic Clout, by Richard Longworth, it says places like Dayton, Cleveland, Detroit, and St. Louis have seen a decrease in their population because many have left to find work. These areas have lost a nyplace from 40-60% of their populations. I understand from a business point of view globalization is a good way to make profit by keeping the cost down and individuals in other countries have work, however, the environment isnt always safe and they are getting paid next to nothing.Meanwhile, in the United States, so many people are struggling to find a job and keep their families financially afloat. I believe if companies want to send the work overseas, they have to make fair trade rules. The working conditions need to better and so does the pay. This way both the rich businessmen and the poor workers benefit. I also believe that maybe not all the work from one company should be sent overseas send about work there and keep some here, this way more people go forth benefit I think fair trade is the morally just way to conduct business.Not only will Americans benefit, but so will the workers in developing countries. Most importantly this would keep the rich from getting richer and t he poor from struggling to keep afloat. I believe this could really help close the gap between the two. It would also help lower the unemployment rate in the United States and will hopefully bring up the average household income. Fair trade will build a strong foundation and a sense of camaraderie with developing countries.

Formative and Summative Assessment Essay

Assessment is a term that includes all of the various methods used to jell the extent of an individuals achievement. In t from each oneing and culture situation, sound judgment refers to the methods used to determine achievement of scholarship outcomes. Similarly in professional contexts, perspicacity is concerned with the achievement of professional measuring rods or competence.(Aranda & Yates,2009). Assessment also houses a number of major benefits including Grading judgement may be used to localise achievement and to measure the students prep bedness for professional challenges. Motivation assessment may focus on real learning by creating an opportunity that carries with it the rewards of completion or grades. learning process assessment activities can guide individuals to learn and relearn subject content efficiently. Feedback assessment provides opportunities for individuals to monitor the quality of their fulfillance and identify areas for improvement. int demise OF sound judgmentIt is easy to become so immersed in the job of teaching that we lose sight the exact purpose of a assessment. There is and then the surmise that we are overlooking an early(a) form of assessment which might be more appropriate. We actually assess students for quite a range of different reasons motivation, creating learning opportunities, to give feedback (to both students and staff), to grade, and as a quality assurance mechanism (both for internal and external systems). Because all too often we do not put right these functions of assessment, without having really thought it through assessments are frequently trying to do all these things, to varyingdegrees.(Oxford Brookes University,2011).In fact it is arguable that while it is desirable for assessments run into the first three of these functions to be conducted as often as possible, the final two do not need to be done anywhere upright so frequently it is simply important that they are done somewhere. The i mplications of this are that while an essay question, where all the answers are double marked and the marks reckon towards the students final grades, may fulfil all these functions, for all assessments to be this rigorous would be prohibitively expensive in staff time, while a peer-assessed seminar presentation, which does not count towards the students final grades but is simply a course requirement, could fulfil the first three functions and may not even require a nurture to be present.FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTFormative assessment is typically contrasted with summational assessment. The former supports teachers and students in decision-making during educational and learning processes, while the latter occurs at the end of a learning unit and determines if the content being taught was retained.(Wikipedia,2013). Formative assessment is not distinguished by the format of assessment, but by how the information is used. The said(prenominal) test may act as either formative or summative. However, some methods of assessment are better suited to one or the another(prenominal) purpose.CHARACTERISTICS OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTDuring formative assessment, learning is the shared goal of both teacher and student and alterations to the teaching and learning process take place as needed to gain ground the goal. This throw overboards both the teacher and the student the opportunity for assessment and improvement as an ongoing process instead of an end product. Formative assessments are assessments for learning, rather than assessments of learning, according to the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.FocusedFormative assessments are focused on the learning process as easy as the learning progress. While other assessments may only focus on the end result, formative assessments check the students progress consistently so that adjustments can be made to reach learning goals.ongoingA formative assessment is consistent and ongoing throughout the learning proce ss. It differs from assessments that focus on the end result. Ongoing assessments give both teachers and students the chance to work out adjustments to teaching and learning strategies so learning ultimately takes place. ImmediateWhile other forms of assessment focus on the end result, formative assessments provide immediate feedback to both teachers and students due to ongoing assessment practices. The immediate feedback teachers and students experience can be used to motivate and further learning.LIMITATIONS OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTSAlthough offering many benefits, effective formative assessment can be difficult to achieve at scale. It may be logistically impossible to provide detailed descriptive feedback for each student in a large class. Even with a smaller number of students to deal with, formative assessment is time-consuming as it requires significant, ongoing dedication and effort from the teacher to sustain.This is especially true when combined with the summative assessmen ts teachers are required to complete. The layered accountability chain in education student to teacher, teacher to school, school to district, etc. creates systemic pressure for student performance to be verifiablely and comparatively measurable at each level. Formative assessment, by definition, doesnt easily provide that kind of accountability. This explains why, although the advantages of formative assessment have been repeatedly articulated since the distinction between it and summative assessment was first made in 1967, empirical studies continue to show that very few teachers consistently make use of it in actual practice.SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTSummative assessment measures attainment and allows for the recording of the learning progress. It usually takes the form of tests and examinations, though it is becoming increasingly common for summative assessment to include other tasks such as a project completed during the school year. This move away from assessments based on a sing le examination gives learners the opportunity to perform to the best of their ability. Not all learners perform well under examination pressure. Furthermore,examinations do not always lend themselves to eliciting the range of language structures and uses that have been the objective of teachingCHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTThe results of summative assessment allow us to determine the degree to which learners have attained specific learning objectives. Such a decision may have an important consequence on learners future prospects. It is therefore crucial that not only is the assessment valid, but that the results obtained are reliable. rigourousness relates to whether the assessment tasks assess what they intend to assess. Reliability, on the other hand, refers to the results obtained and whether these would be the same if the same learners took the assessment on another occasion provided that no further learning had taken place and regardless of who marked the assessment i f more than one person was involved in the process.(Summative assessment,2005). Whether summative assessment is norm-or criterion-referenced will be contumacious by the purpose of the assessment. If we need to select the best candidates to, for example, continue with their education, then norm-referencing would be appropriate. However, if we are interested in whether candidates have mastered certain skills, then we would not get the required information through norm-referencing.(Meason) For example, when assessing airline pilots we are interested in whether they can fly a plane safely to a very high level of proficiency. Knowing which trainees were the best would not suffice since it is possible that no trainee of a given group would have reached the required standard to safely fly a planeLIMITATIONS OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTStudents can face anxiety in preparation for a test, an anxiety that grows as the recognition of the tests significance grows. Summative tests advise schools to commit to prolonged pretesting procedures and preparation classes, which can increase student anxiety.(Spiral). In addition, some students simply do not test well, and the result is a testing procedure that fails to adequately assess the real talents of individual students, while a formative assessment would allow a teacher to evaluate these conditions and better assess a students ability Summative assessments fan have an overall negative touch on student self-consciousness, resulting from the perception of inferiority that standardized tests can give test-takers.Students who perform poorly on standardized tests were found to suffer from lower self-esteem in situations where these same students had not previously exhibited signs of self-esteem problems.(Boggiano,1992). Even students who perform average or well on standardized tests can suffer from the calamity to meet their own higher expectations. The result can be a reduction in educational motivation.(Hammond).EXAMPLES OF FOR MATIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT FROM TEACHING AND scholarship PERSPECTIVECONCLUSIONIn my view,both types of assessments are better,that is a balanced assessment.A balanced assessment system in one in which a variety of assessments are used for a variety of purposes and communications about results facilitates student involvement and ownership of learning.Formative assessment can be vital importance in luck the teacher and students determine the quality of learning that is taking place and can allow them to forecast the results of summative tests some time in advance of the summative testing.Such results can be used as the basis for altering the teaching learning situation early enough to change the immediate as well as alter the forecast. Learning is a process which can be observed and evaluated as it is taking place.Formative evaluation can be used to make the process more effective long before the summative evaluation.Recognition of the interaction among formative evaluation tea ching and learning and summative evaluation can do much to improve teaching and learning before it is too late.REFERENCESAranda S,Yates P.An Overview of assessment.Canberra (EdCaN),Australia(2009).Retrieved from www.edcan.org/pdf/edCanOverview.pdfBoggiano A,Pittman T. Achievement and Motivation A Social-Developmental Perspective.(Eds).(1992).Cambridge Press.New York.Hammond,K.eHow.Education.Summative assessment weaknesses.Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/info_8568251_summative-assessment-weaknesses.htmlMeason C.eHow.Education.Characteristics of Formative assessment.Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/list_6732311_characteristics-formative-assessment.htmlOxford Brookes University.(2011).Purpose of Assessment.Retrieved from www.brookes.ac.uk/services/ocsld/resources/assessment/purposes.htmSpira M.eHow.Education.Disadvantages of Formative Assessment.Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/info_8502289_advantages-disadvantages-formative-assessment.htmlStiggins,R.,Arter,J.,Chappuis,S.(2008).Cla ssroom assessment for student learning.Educational Testing Service.Retrieved from http//www.bcsd.org/district.cfm?subpage=55380Summative assessment.(2005).Retrieved fromhttp//cd1.edb.hkedcity.net/cd/eng/tba_eng_sec/web/3_1w.htmSpira M.eHow.Education.Disadvantages of Formative Assessment.Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/info_8502289_advantages-disadvantages-formative-assessmen

Differences Between the Early English Settlers and Native Americans Essay

The indigenous people of North America and Europe are both precise different cultures with very different beliefs and ideas. As the Europeans began to colonize North America, these unlikenesss between these cultures really impacted the events of this time. The most key difference is the ideas on enter use and self-will. Other important differences include religion and the ideas of g finaleer roles.The biggest difference between of the inbred Americans and the European immigrants is the issue of land use and ownership. Native Americans believed that land was sacred, and that nature needed to be cared for. They also did not value land ownership, all of the tribes land and belongings were shared. The idea of ownership here was not commonly used. On the other end of the spectrum, the Europeans had beliefs very different from the Native Americans. One of the main reasons the Europeans came to the New World in the first place was to become wealthy To the Europeans at the time, land o wnership meant freedom, wealth and a higher social status. Land was passed down from generation to generation. Because of this, the Europeans and the Native Americans ideology on land use and ownership created quite a culture clash that we still see remnants of today.Another difference between the Native American culture and the Europeans was the religion of these two cultures. Europeans were predominantly Christian, while the natives believed in numerous spirits and Gods. The indigenous people in North America had separate spirits for corn, the sun and things of that nature. While Christians are monotheists. The Europeans thought that the natives were savages for worshipping wooden figurines and carvings. The Europeans time-tested to convert as many natives as possible, especially the Spanish. Because of these differences in religion, the Europeans and the Native Americans had a difficult time really seeing eye to eye.The third difference between the in indigenous people of North America and the Europeans is the matter of gender roles. The native women in these tribes held high positions, many making important decisions for the tribe. The family point would also follow the females side, as opposed to the family line following the males in the European cultures. To the Europeans, femalesgave birth and did chores in the home. They were not nearly as powerful as some women in native tribes. When the Europeans noticed how strong the women were along with the men, they fought the natives into submission.In conclusion, it is plain to see that there are so many differences between the Native American culture and that of the Europeans. A few examples of differences is the ideas on land use and ownership, religion and gender roles. The most impactful difference was the ideas each culture had on land use and ownership. These differences were very influential on the events that occurred during this time, and we still see some of these differences impact us today.

Hag’s Nook by John Dickson Carr

Hags Nook is a detective story by John Dickson Carr that is first published in 1933. It is a closed book type of novel and the first to feature in the series of detective Gideon Fell. The author, John Dickson Carr was born in 1906 in Uniontown, Pennsylvania. His first published detective novel, It Walks by Night, was published in 1930 featuring the Frenchman Henri Bencolin. Apart from Dr. Fell, whose first appearance was in 1933 in Hag?s Nook, Sir Henry Merrivale, who debuted in The Plague Court Murders in 1934 was Carr?s other series detectives.The synopsis goes this way Young American Tad Rampole is travelling in England who meets and falls in love with Dorothy Starberth, in a fortune meet on a railway platform. Within a short period of time, after an introduction letter made by Rampole to Dr. Gideon Fell both become engaged in the affairs of the Starberth family. Dr. Fell discovers the truth behind the legends after Martin Starberth is murdered. Chaterham Prison was the legend i n the village. Abandoned for a hundred of geezerhood and had kept its secrets of extreme fear and death.The Starberths die of broken necks. He must arrange ancient superstition from modern-day malice to guarantee that the responsible wicked does not go and not punished. This novel emotionally moved me clearly to the days of reading Ripper. It was quite interesting to imagine the traps and see how the villain lured their victims. Lastly, I am definitely recommending this novel Hags Nook for those who likes reading detective stories that is full of suspense and mystery.

Aaron Douglas’ “Crucifixion”

Aaron Douglas Crucifixion Through forth much of Modernism many artists were influenced and avowed by the fashion on of alien regions throughout the world, more specifically Africa. African prowess would influence much of the Modern Movements from the latter interpreter of the Nineteenth and the beginning of the Twentieth Centuries. Much is said of the artists inwardly the Harlem spiritual rebirth, and how it directly reflects the influence of Africana upon their art. Often times, this study is neglected to be considered Modern if non in specialized selections of course throughout many of todays higher(prenominal) institutions of learning.However, thus being said, Aaron Douglas, often considered the pioneer of African American Modern Art, would bring this notion to the avant-garde of Modern Society. With Douglas The Crucifixion, illustrated in Gods Trombones in 1927, he would shatter all notions of work within the Harlem Renaissance as not being Modern, but more viably Mode rn than most work produced at this time. He would give tremendous validity to African American Art as Modern in any context by not wholly if incorporating modernist concepts, but truly making social chiding about the plight of the African Americans and the struggles of becoming important.In Douglas The Crucifixion, he sop ups from Western academia and his African roots, not only to place his work among Modern beautiful art, but would make the Black voice a workable and acceptable as any other exercise within Modern Art. It is important to point out the formal qualities of The Crucifixion. The piece is made of oil on canvas. However, with the delicate treatment and translucency of the paint it is not hard to imagining it watercolor or gouache. The color palette is limited and specific. The do of a very monochromous purple tonal range sets the mood for the piece as a whole.Purple denotes a heavenly or royal handling of the subject matter. The use of purple within the Western canon, oftentimes symbolized the holy. With the piece competently titled The Crucifixion, it is no wonder that Douglas is setting the scene of Gospel related subject matter. In increase to the aforementioned, The Crucifixion was originally illustrated in James Weldon Johnsons book of poems, Gods Trombones Seven pitch bareness Sermons in Verse (Driskell, 110). However, with the subject matter and the painterly quality it is not hard to place them among fine art painting.For the vast majority of Douglas work, as with The Crucifixion, minacious history, religion, and myth provided the substantive sources for his stylized subjects (Driskell, 111). The composition is highly composed with a designers eye for detail and stylistic elements. Furthermore, the central figure of Jesus, which is washed-out, flatten white, surrounded by geometrical forms and interpenetrating circular shapes, possibly signifying a halo or submitation of thereof, and in like manner moves the composition out wardly from the central Jesus hinting towards the modern use of interpenetrating lines that occurred within Cubism (Pinder, 107).Douglas layers Cubist design elements to bring out a highly fragmented, yet cohesive composition that reads more designed and symbolic through imagery. To add, the use of very directional/graphic arrows pointing upwards and outwardly, it is not hard to read this as something taking the wideness away from the central Jesus figure to the overshadowing black man and to the heavens. Additionally one cannot begin to show the issue of Modernity and Modern Art movements without mentioning the influence of African art objects on Modern Artists.One only has to look at Picasso and Braque to see the influence of African masks and twisted perspective as in superannuated Egyptian sculpture with Les Demoiselles dAvignon. It is not hard to imagine Modern artists who implemented these sort of design elements into their work to be considered new and cutting edge. If o ne is to take that same mentality and apply it to any effect of artists within the Harlem Renaissance, especially Douglas, then their use of African imagery must of set them worlds apart at the time.Who better understands this art, then those whose heritage is deeply involved with such art? Aaron Douglas understood this, and was able to draw upon African ideals concerning art and incorporate them into this specific piece. Additionally, the Jesus figure is overshadowed by a large change African man carrying the cross for Jesus possibly marking the weight of the world on his shoulders and carrying the interference that one must go through society as African Americans.As Driskell said in Harlem Renaissance Art of Black America, Jesus the savior is also Jesus the bearer of everymans burden, particularly the black mans burden. Of course, the large African American man carrying the cross represents that man. This may also represent the hardship of the black man at the beginning of the Twentieth century. As Kymberly Pinder suggests in her article, Our Father, God our Brother, delivery boy or are We Bastard Kin? Images of the Nazarene in African American Painting, in the black under-standing of Christ and Christianity from the beginning.The analogy between Christs persecution and the racial oppression of blacks past and present is essential within this piece. Symbolically, Douglas is relying on the suggestion that Black is Christ-like to forward his artistic expression. Truthfully speaking, without these elements The Crucifixion would not carry the lofty content it elicits. Douglas paints in a hard-edged style that defined the figure, borrowing of course from the Synthetic Cubists (Driskell, 111). The figures themselves are angular and magnify borrowing from ancient Egyptian sculpture.This work exemplifies design with the way Douglas plays with design motifs, such as arrows and interpenetrating geometric shapes, to give the composition a highly stylized and polished feel while still characterization the figure to produce a highly designed and spatially related composition (Driskell, 111). Any of the abovementioned would act in the consideration of Douglas Crucifixion as Modern. One only has to look to Cubism and German Expressionism to consider his work modern. His use of religious symbolism hints towards the same practice within German Expressionism.In addition, his use of very angular figures pointing to works by Otto Dix and Karl Schmidt-Rottluff. Furthermore, with the concept of interpenetrating planes and geometry one only has to look to the work of Picasso and Braque to see that this has similarities with Synthetic Cubism. gibe to Susan Earle in Aaron Douglas African American Artist, in Modern art, Douglas saw the potential for abstracting two-dimensional form, eliminating surface detail, fracturing line, and utilize color harmonies, almost mirroring that of works by Synthetic Cubists (Earle, 107).Additionally, with Douglas u se of agile line work and his stinting usage of recognizable symbolic features, it is evident that Douglas borrows from Art Deco (Driskell, 129). However, he takes clear advantage of Art Nouveau and the movement it brought to the fine arts. Douglas incorporates this with the rhythm and movement of Harlem Renaissance music. Additionally, one could look towards the Futurists and their uproar and social commentary to inform Douglas crucifixion albeit, The Crucifixion is not overcrowded with color and direct movement.However, his use of angular figural representations and his comment on the situation of African Americans makes a social commentary about the lives of African Americans. Bibliography Brigham, David R. Bridging Identities Dox Thrash as African American and Artist. JSTOR. The University of Chicago Press, 1990. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. http//www. jstor. org/stable/3108983. Earle, Susan and Renee Ater. Aaron Douglas African American Modernist. New Haven Yale UP, 2007. Print. Driskel l, David C. , David L. Lewis, and Deborah Willis. Harlem Renaissance Art of Black America.New York Studio Museum in Harlem, 1987. Print. Pinder, Kymberly N. Our Father, God Our Brother, Christ or Are We Bastard Kin? Images of Christ in African American Painting. FLITE Database. Indiana State University, 1997. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. http//www. jstor. org. libcat. ferris. edu/stable/3042461. Thompson, Aubrey. Great Plains Pragmatist Aaron Douglas and the Art of loving Protest. emailprotected of Nebraska Lincoln. University of Nebraska, 01 Nov. 2000. Web. 10 Nov. 2012. http//digitalcommons. unl. edu/greatplainsquarterly/314.

Active and Passive Verb Form

ready / Passive Verb Forms Sentences can be active or passive. Therefore, tenses also have active forms and passive forms. You moldiness learn to recognize the difference to successfully speak English. Active Form In active sentences, the occasion doing the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing receiving the action is the object. Most sentences are active. Basic form Thing doing action + verb + thing receiving action Examples The professor teaches the students Jonh washes the dishes. Passive FormIn passive sentences, the thing receiving the action is the subject of the sentence and the thing doing the action is optionally include near the end of the sentence. You can use the passive form if you think that the thing receiving the action is much important or should be emphasized. You can also use the passive form if you do not know who is doing the action or if you do not want to mention who is doing the action. Basic form Thing receiving action + be + past partic iple of verb + by + thing doing action Active Passive Simple Present Once a week, Tom cleans the firm. Once a week, the house is cleaned by Tom. Present Continuous Right now, Sarah is writing the letter. Right now, the letter is being written by Sarah. Simple medieval Sam repaired the car. The car was repaired by Sam. Past Continuous The salesman was helping the customer when the robber came into the The customer was being helped by the salesman when the thief came into the store. store. Present completed Many tourists have visited that castle. That castle has been visited by many tourists. Present Perfect Continuous Recently, John has been doing the work. Recently, the work has been being done by John. Past Perfect George had repaired many cars before he authorized his mechanics Many cars had been repaired by George before he received his mechanics license. license. Past Perfect Continuous Chef Jones had been preparing the restaurants fantastic dinners for The res taurants fantastic dinners had been being prepared by Chef Jones for two days before he moved to Paris. two years before he moved to Paris. Simple prospective Someone will finish the work by 500 PM. The work will be sinless by 500 PM. will Simple future day Sally is going to make a well-favoured dinner tonight. A scenic dinner is going to be made by Sally tonight. be going to next Continuous At 800 PM tonight, John will be laundry the dishes. At 800 PM tonight, the dishes will be being washed by John. will Future Continuous At 800 PM tonight, John is going to be washing the dishes. At 800 PM tonight, the dishes are going to be being washed by John. be going to Future Perfect They will have absolute the project before the deadline. The project will have been finish before the deadline. be going to Future Perfect Continuous They are going to have completed the project before the deadline. The project is going to have been completed before the deadl ine. will Future Perfect Continuous The famous artist will have been painting the wall painting for over six The mural will have been being painted by the famous artist for over six be going to months by the time it is finished. months by the time it is finished. Used to Jerry used to pay the bills. The bills used to be paid by Jerry. Would Always My mother would always make the pies. The pies would always be made by my mother. Future in the Past I knew John would finish the work by 500 PM. I knew the work would be finished by 500 PM. Would Future in the Past I persuasion Sally was going to make a beautiful dinner tonight. I thought a beautiful dinner was going to be made by Sally tonight. Was Going to

Lan-Base Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System Essay

1.1 IntroductionModernization changed our lifestyle. Technology alters us to spend time and blank spaces in remarkable miens. Due to rapid technological changes new things to produce smash way of doing things through the help of technology. In our present life style mickle find way to improve their living day by day .This improvement was obviously seen in our modern technology, much(prenominal) modern machine, improvised gadgets, robotics and the most popular and widely influential is the modern computer. Modern computer helps people to diminish their work in such particular field of industry, particularly for those activities that requires numeration storage of development presentation security and many uses of scheme softw ar by the company, organization and in some font of educational areas. One of these changes is through the use of LAN-Based attending supervise and Payroll System of Caltex Gasoline come in which is programmed automatically set the time and date emp loyees log so that the office assistant observes the record and unresistant easily access the payments of the employees.In the field of Information technology the knowledge in creating a LAN-Based attention Monitoring and Payroll System of the employees are one of the most important parts to keep a certain business stable also includes the monitoring of the employees and the payroll. The Owner cant assure that his employee is arriving on time in Gasoline Station and he cant also assure if the deliberation of the payroll is correct and accurate.1.2.1 Background of the StudyThe Caltex Techron Balite Merchandise started as a Federal Gasoline direct in 2007. After troika years Federal Gasoline Station experienced bankrupt because of the contention in other gasoline station. The owner of Federal Gasoline Station decided to sell the prop of Federal Gasoline Station to Mr. Danny Reobeca to recover his investment.In the year 2010 September 19, the Caltex Techron merchandising establi shed in Barangay Balite. They started with sixteen (16) employees including (1) one manager, (1) one secretary, (2) two cashiers, and (12) twelve gasoline boys.Nowadays, the Caltex Techron Merchandising has (4) quad Gasoline Machines, (3) three Gasoline Tanker, (1) one storage room and (1) one office room. Caltex Techron Merchandising have now (33) 30 three employees including (1) one manager as the owner, (3) three office assistant, (3) three cashier, (2) two guards and (24) twenty four gasoline boys. The operation is 24 hours and has three shifting for gasoline boy and cashiers. First shift (600am-300pm), certify shift (1200pm-900pm), third shift(900pm-600am), (2) two shifting for the security guard, First shift (600am-600pm) and second shift (600pm-600am) man the manager and office assistant work 8 hours start 800am to 400pm.The facilities of the Caltex Techron Merchandising are complete but proponents found out (2) job. First, the attendance monitoring of the employee is ma nual like the traditional. Second, the exact numeration of payroll of the employee is manual computation. They have an office assistant in the office room to manage the attendance monitoring and payroll of the employees. 1.2 Statement of the problem1.2.1 General ProblemThe Manual attendance and payroll of the employees in Caltex Techron resulting lack of accuracy and security in terms of records. The main problem of manual governing body is real aphonic to retrieve information of the employees.1.2.2 Specific ProblemThe Caltex Techron Merchandising has also some specific problem as they follow* Manual recording of the time-in and time-out of the employees.* Using the manual computation of payroll.* Inaccurate employees attendance due to manual operation of time keeping.* Unorganized records because of many records that must be filed.1.3 accusatory1.3.1 General ObjectiveThe Proponents aims to develop a LAN-Based Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System that will improve their ser vice in terms of attendance monitoring and payroll of the employee.1.3.2 Specific objectives* To develop a system that enable to search records easier and faster. * To avoid changing of time that they log. * To develop a system that will monitor the daily time record of employee. * To upgrade and standard the process of computing salaries of employees accurately. * To establish a system that will register the time-in and time-out of employees. * To prevent loosen and break down of the records and files. * To make automated the computation of the salaries of the employees.1.4 Scope and LimitationThe Proponents aims to develop a LAN-Based Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System of the employee for the improvement of Caltex Techron Merchandising. The shoot maintenance can easily add, search, delete, and update records, with the use of this system.1.4.1 Scope* Computerize the Attendance of the employee.* Automated computation of salaries.* It gives accurate time and date of the employ ees log.* LAN-basedSystem.* The administrator wholly has the authority to access the records of the employees.1.4.2 Limitation* Records tho the time and date of log-in and log-out of the employee but it cant identify who are the real employees. * The LAN-Based Attendance Monitoring and Payroll System embedded only to Caltex Techron.1.5 Significance of StudyThis study not only to develop a software system, It also aims to do specific task in a in brief period of time.Administrator/Manager* It will help them in terms of less spending space and time. It will help them.Office Assistant* It will be easy for them to monitor the attendance of the employee and to lessen their work.Employee* It will be easier to get their salary because of the automatic computation.1.6 Definition of Terms1. Automated To operate by automation.2. Merchandising Sales promotion has a comprehensive function including market research, development of new products.3. Monitoring A device for observing a biologi cal condition or function.4. Payroll The sum needed for distribution to those on a payroll also the money to be distributed.5. Salary Fixed scholarship paid regularly for devices6. Technology A capability given by the practical application knowledge.7. engraft Fix to the business company.8. LAN-Based the system is running by group of personal computer and associated equipment that are joined by cable, office building and that share a communications line.9. Manual work by hand, involving the skills and hard word of hand.10. Traditional from generation to generation, Old style.

A passage to India †Symbolism Essay

Analyse the symbol of the mosque to get hold of out the complex picture of Islam in the novel A Passage to India. Mosque is the holy place for completely Mohammedans, and in the Novel A Passage to India it has a greater significance. The first part of the novel is named as Mosque. E M Foster has a unique technique to use symbolism to convey the carriage society, religion, caste and treatment of different class of people.Foster uses mysticism and complexity throughout the novel, yet he in like manner has real interpretation of the journey the characters take from beginning till the end. Similarly, he brings out the qualities which transpirate what Islam is, and what it means to Aziz? using mosque as the symbolism. For this purpose, Mosque is not just portrayed as a religious construct but also the significance it has to Islam.As a religion which is against iconography, Mosque is unlike the place of worship compared to Christians or Hindus, where there is a painting or idol is pre sent for worship. Instead, in a mausoleum there is none and just a courtyard that points towards Medina. The Mosque and Muslim faith point out that There is no deity but God. The complexities build further when Foster writes about Aziz and his attachment to the Mosque in the beginning of the story. When we consider that Aziz is walking down the lane towards the Mosque and is thinking of the place, and in his mind the attachment what it bring to him.The Mosque serves as a place in his heart which no one can take it, the place where his mind and intelligence can rest and be at ease. With all tensions with British in India and the way the religions were colliding leading to septuple ideas, the educated were starting to question the olden ways of the religion. Here the attachment to Mosque and its symbolism provided not but a sense of how the religion stood in current world of Aziz, but it also provided happiness.The Islamic principle dictated equality towards all worshippers under God. There was no priesthood hierarchy in the Mosque, but quite the place provided each person with ones own way of worship. The house of God also designates an unreachable friendship with the God with every follower of Islam. Foster describes using Aziz, as the mosque has indeterminate sentiments towards the faith.

Othello coursework

Through prohibited the course of the gather Othello, Iago is portrayed as the typical minacious villain with no motives for his evil plans, simply he also brings galore(postnominal) comical aspects to the production. many an(prenominal) audiences would deal dis aliked Iago because of the fact that he is the stereotypical villain, yet we argon compelled to watch in suspense, his next move. He is definitely a really complex character to understand. He appears to lack motivation for his evil plans and bases his debate on ideas he has conjured up in his head, such as the idea of his loving wife genus Emilia having an affair with Othello.Jacobean audiences in particular would view as been shocked by Iagos behaviour for the fact that he uses a lot of blasphemous language such as Sblood. This would have been frowned upon in Jacobean inn due to the this religious era whereas today, it would not be seen as such a sin to realise the Lords name in vain. Many directors such as Sam Men des have chosen to present their all(prenominal)owance of the play as a homoerotic thriller and have portrayed Iago as the lusty servant who is in fact jealous of Desdemona, whereas other performances like Michael Grandages production portrayed Iago as simply a unmotivated character.In my opinion, Iago is undoubtedly one of Shakespeares most notorious villains without him there would be no story line. It is him who influences the characters to adopt out the terrible tasks that keep the play entertaining and full of suspense. In many productions of Othello, Iago is a Machiavellian. This marches originates from a text called The Prince which was written in the early sixteenth century by a name of the Italian renaissance named Niccoli Machiavelli.He wrote in one of his books that the end justifies the center which was misunderstood by audiences who understand it as any evil action can be justified if it is make for a goodly purpose. Niccoli Machiavelli insinuated that all the rulers that had remained in power had not been kind and caring men, concerned with justice and fairness, but were infact cruel individuals, willing to do anything to ensure the security of their state and their own personal power. Iago shows the audience his Machiavellian ways in cloak two Scene one when he says Make the Moor thank me, love me and reward me.For making him egregiously an ass. This truly reveals his duplicitous nature and shows how much he enjoys other peoples misery. Many critics have suggested that Iago may have been a warning to King James about his untrustworthy followers, as there was a lot of uncertainty about how he was ruling England at the time. Iago also reveals a duplicitous nature in Act one, prospect two, when he swears to the Greek god Janus the name of a Roman mythical God with two faces which could be reflected as a two faced image. despiteful is one of many adjectives used to describe Iago, but is it entirely accurate? Throughout most of the play, he is portrayed as an open and trustworthy person by every character all of them boot to him as honest Iago Yet, as the audience are well informed by the end of the setoff act, he appears to be quite the opposite, as he states I am not what I am although ironically, he always tells the audience the truth In act one scene three, Shakespeare cleverly brings in the use of rhetoric as Iago tries to persuade Roderigo that Desdemona will soon tire of Othello.He states that she must deviate for youth which she is sated with his body she will find the error of her choice, and then goes on to reveal his hate for Othello and how he wishes for Roderigo to help him seek revenge. In a speech made by Iago, he mentions Roderigos capital eight times He uses repetition to encourage Roderigo to make capital, but the implication to the audience is that the money is for Iago and not Roderigo. Roderigo then says, Ill sell all my land which tells the audience that Iagos plan has worked.This prepare s us for later on in the play when Iago uses his powerful manipulation to bring Othello to his downfall. Although Iago is often called the villain of the play, he also brings many entertaining moments he is the only source of humour in the play. This may be perhaps, because he has caused all the misery in the play so is enjoying watching people suffer He expresses his misogynistic views in Act Two Scene One in a heated discussion with Desdemona. Iago begins the discussion through the means of criticizing his wife, Emilia.He says Sir, would she give you so much of her lips as of her tongue she oft bestows on me You would have large meaning Emilia often nags him. This shows that Shakespeare wished to amuse the audience too, as they would find this very entertaining by chance because they could relate to what Iago was saying, as it could be interpreted as a commonly stereotypical comment. Another scene where Iago is entertaining to the audience is in Act Two scene Three, where he pre tends to be drunk in order to encourage Casio to drink more and become disorderly in this scene Shakespeare is really play to his audience.When the men are drinking, Iago makes a number of comments about the English, and what heavy drinkers they are compared to other countries, Your Dane, Your German, and your swag-bellied Hollander drink, ho are nothing to your English. These comments would have met with a very wild reception from the crowd. This indicates to us that this play, despite its exotic settings, is very relevant to an English Jacobean audience. Also in this scene, Iago is at his best and plays a number of distinct parts to ensure the success of his plan.The three roles that he plays are The ancient concerned for the sake of his master, the pass desperate to maintain the peace of the city and the faithful friend of Cassio. The audience by now would be in full aware that he is really none of these roles, which brings us back to the idea that he is a complete machiav ellian. Throughout the play, Iago uses his powerful language techniques to amuse and persuade the characters in order to get what he wants. During this process, Iago makes a number of powerful soliloquies that reveal his motives and plans.These soliloquies let the audience see the true personality and character traits of the person speaking. Throughout, Iago is referred to as honest Iago or good friend but the audience are fully aware that these terms do not reflect Iagos true personality because they know what he is like as he has revealed his true self in his soliloquies. This brings a lot of dramatic irony to the play the audience are fully aware of what has happened or what is about to happen, whilst the other characters remain unaware. A colossal example of this in the play, is in act 5 Scene 2.By this point, Othello had already killed Desdemona and had found out about Iagos lies Othello then asks Iago, why hath thus ensnared my soul and body? ( meaning why have you done thi s to me? ) Iago replies, demand me nothing what you know, you know. From this time forth I never will speak word This is tremendously ironic because up to this, he had used words to his power, as the tool that caused Othellos downfall. This would be very thwart for audiences who have been puzzled throughout the play as to what motivates Iago to cause such trouble.In conclusion, I see Iagos character structures this play and creates the story line some of the most exciting plots are centred around him he murders his wife, arouses Brabantio, kills Roderigo and gets Othellos army drunk His actions definitely drive the plot forward. His soliliques not only ensure he has a very intimate relationship with the audience, but they are the only dramatic device of the play. Although there is examine to prove Iago is not anti-Semite(a), he is just jealous of Othello as he talks about Othello great(p) Cassio the promotion instead of him.To us, he is the character who keeps the plot alive and full of action. His character was used late by a critic, Germaine Greer when she compared Shakespearian with current times to emphasise her point. She stated, we no longer feel, as Shakespeares propagation did, the ubiquity of satin, but Iago is still serviceable to us, as an objective correlative of the mindless inventiveness of racist aggression. Iago is still alive and kicking and filling migrants letterboxes with excrement So, it really is a question of, should the play have been called Iago instead of Othello?